Development of Animals
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| What is Cleavage? | rapid increase in number of cells without increase in cytoplasm | |
| If the volume doesn't increase from cleavage what 2 things occur? | diameter of cells decrease and surface area to volume ratio increases | |
| Early cleavage leads to formation of what? | the balstula (hollow ball of cells) | |
| What are two types of cleavage and how are they different? | Spiral (protosomes, unequal division) and Radial (Deuterostomes, cell division is equal) | |
| What happens to the blastula during gastrulation? | it becomes gastrula (3 layered embryo) | |
| What are four parts of gastrula? | ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, and blastopore | |
| What is the fate of the blastopore? | Becomes mouth in Protosomes and becomes anus in deuterosomes | |
| What occurs during early organogenesis? | 3 embryonic germ layers develop into rudimentary organs | |
| What is formed during early organogenesis? | Neural plate and neural tube | |
| What 2 adaptive structures allowed development to occur on | shelled egg and uterus | |
| What are 4 extraembryonic membranes in amniotic egg? | amnion (protection), allantois (waste), yolk sac (nutrients), and chorion (respiration) | |
| What is a uterus? | site of fertilization and development | |
| What is significant about the placenta and why is it important? | double origin membrane (embryonic and maternal), critical for nutrient and waste exchange |
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