Literary Devices
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Speaker | individual or collective voice of text | |
Occasion | event or catalyst causing writing of the text to occur | |
Audience | group of readers to whom text is addressed | |
Purpose | reason behind the text | |
Subject | general topic/main idea of the text | |
Tone | attitude of the author | |
Allegory | a work in which the characters and events are to be understood as representing other things and symbolically expressing a deeper, often spiritual, moral, or political meaning | |
Allusion | a reference that is made indirectly, subtly suggested, or implied | |
Ambiguity | a situation in which something can be understood in more than one way and it is not clear which meaning is intended | |
Anadiplosis | the rhetorical repetition of the last word or words of one phrase or sentence at the beginning of the next | |
Analogy | a comparison between two things that are similar in some respects, often used to help explain something or make it easier to understand | |
Anaphora | the use of the same word of phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses, sentences, lines or verses, usually for emphasis or rhetorical effect | |
Antecedent | the first part of a conditional proposition, which states the condition and is the p component in a proposition phrased “if p then q” | |
Antistrophe | the second type of metrical form in a poem that alternates two contrasting metrical forms | |
Apostrophe | the punctuation mark used to show where letters are omitted from a word, to mark the possessive, and sometimes to form the plural of numbers, letters, and symbols | |
Archetype | something that served as the model or pattern for other things of the same type | |
Assonance | the similarity of two or more vowel sounds or the repetition of two or more consonant sounds, especially in words that are close together in a poem | |
Asyndeton | the leaving out of conjunctions in sentence constructions in which they would usually be used | |
Atmosphere | a prevailing emotional tone or attitude, especially one associated with a specific place or time | |
Cacophony | the use of harsh unpleasant sounds in language, for literary effect | |
Caesura | a pause in a line of poetry, often near the middle of the line | |
Caricature | a drawing, description, or performance that exaggerates somebody’s or something’s characteristics | |
Clause | a group of words consisting of a subject and its predicate | |
Colloquial | appropriate to, used in, or characteristic of spoken language or of writing this used to create the effect of conversation | |
Connotation | the implying or suggesting of an additional meaning for a word or phrase apart from the explicit meaning | |
Denotation | the most specific or literal meaning of a word, as opposed to its figurative senses or connotations | |
Diction | the choice of words to fit their context | |
Didactic | containing a political or moral message | |
Epithet | an abusive insulting word or phrase | |
Ethos | the fudnanmental and distinctive character of a group typically expressed in attitudes, habits, and beliefs | |
Euphemism | a word or phrase used in place of a term that might be considered too direct, harsh, unpleasant, or offensive | |
Genre | one of the categroeis that artistic wroks of all kinds can be divied into on the basis of form, style, or subject matter | |
Homily | a sermon of other piece of writingo n a moral or religious topic | |
Hyperbole | deliberate and obvious exxageration used for effect | |
Imagery | the figurative language, especially metaphors and similes, used in poertry, plays, and other literary works | |
Inference | a conclusion drawn from evidence or reasoning | |
Invective | using abusive language | |
Litotes | a deliberate understatement | |
Metaphor | the application of a word or phrase to somebody or something that is not meant literally but to make a comparison | |
Metonymy | a figure of speech in which an attribute of something is used to stand for the thing itself | |
Mood | a state of mind that somebody experiences at a particular time | |
Narrative | the story or account of a sequence of events in the order in which they happened | |
Onomatopoeia | the formation or use of words that imitate the sound associated with the thing or action in question | |
Paradox | a statement, proposition, or situation that seems to be absurd or contradictory | |
Parody | a piece of writing or music that deliberately copies another work in a comic way | |
Pathos | the quality in something that makes people feel pity or sadness | |
Pedantic | twoo concerned with what are thought to be correct rules and details | |
Persona | a character in a literary work | |
Personification | the attribution of human qualities to objects | |
Pleonasm | the use of more words than are necessary to express a meaning | |
Polysyndeton | the use of multiple conjunctions or coordinate clauses close in succession | |
Pun | a humorous use of words that involves a word or phrase that has more than one possible meaning | |
Prose | a writing or speech in its normal continuous form | |
Repetition | . an act of doing something again | |
Rhetoric | speech or writing that communicates its point persuasively | |
Satire | the use of wit, especially irony, sarcasm | |
Semantics | the study of how meaning in language is created by the use and interrelationships of words, phrases, and sentences | |
Solipsism | the belief that the only thing somebody can be sure of is that he or she exists | |
Syllogism | a formal deductive argument made up of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion | |
Synecdoche | . a figure of speech in which the word of something is used to mean the whole | |
Syntax | . the ordering of and relationship between the words and other structural elements in phrases and sentences | |
Synthesis | a new unified whole resulting from the combination of different ideas, influences or objects | |
Theme | a subject of a discourse, discussion, piece of writing, or artistic composition | |
Thesis | a proposition advanced as an argument | |
Tone | a sound with a particular quality | |
Transition | a process or period in which something undergoes a change and passes from one state, stage, form, or activity to another | |
Understatement | a statement that undrepresents something | |
Verisimilitude | . the appearance of being true or real | |
Wit | speech or writing that shows an apt, clever, and often humorous association of words | |
Zeugma | a figure of speech in which an adjective or verb is used with two nouns but is appropriate to only one of them or has a different sense with each. |
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