Chapter 6
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אִם | if | |
לְ | to | |
לְמַֿעַן | in order that | |
קָם | (he) arose | |
יָקֿוּמוּ | (they) will arise | |
יִבְחַר | (he) will choose | |
יָסֹב | (he) will encircle, go about | |
וַיָּֿסָב | and (he) encircled | |
יִפֹּל | (he) will fall | |
תִּפֹּל | (she) will fall | |
יִמְצָא | (he) will find | |
יִתֵּן | (he) will give | |
אֶתֵּן | (I) will give | |
יָ[לְדָה | (she) bore (one word. bracket indicates metheg.) | |
יִשְׁמַע | (he) will hear | |
תִּשְׁמַע | (she) will hear | |
קָטַל | (he) killed | |
יֶחֱטָא | (he) will sin | |
The three verb tenses are the | Qatal, Wayyiqtol, and Yiqtol | (revised) |
What is aspect? | how writer views action, as a whole or as a process. Perfective or Imperfective. | |
What is mood? | (aka modality) tells us if the verb is actual or possible. Indicative, subjunctive (non-indicative, modal) | |
What is voice? | tells us if the subject is active or passive. | |
Quatal: traditionally named, mood, aspect, tense | traditionally the “perfect”, indicative mood, perfective aspect, past tense as default but may be present or present perfect | |
Wayyiqtol: mood, aspect, tense | indicative mood, perfective aspect as default, past tense translated with “and” in front of it. | |
Yiqtol: traditionally named, default tense + mood | traditionally the “imperfect”, default is future indicative | |
Yiqtol’s mood changes with word position | If first word in sentence, then ‘modal’. Otherwise, it is indicative. | |
In what 2 cases can a Yiqtol be modal, though not in the first position? | 1) In a question. 2) If God is the subject. | |
Word position does not impact a Yiqtol’s aspect in this case. | When used in a conditional statement (with protasis and apodosis), translation of the Yiqtol depends on context. | |
How to determine a Yiqtol’s tense? | If it is indicative, then context determines tense. May be future (most common) or past. |
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