Chapter 6

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Cards

אִם if  
לְ to  
לְמַֿעַן in order that  
קָם (he) arose  
יָקֿוּמוּ (they) will arise  
יִבְחַר (he) will choose  
יָסֹב (he) will encircle, go about  
וַיָּֿסָב and (he) encircled  
יִפֹּל (he) will fall  
תִּפֹּל (she) will fall  
יִמְצָא (he) will find  
יִתֵּן (he) will give  
אֶתֵּן (I) will give  
יָ[לְדָה (she) bore (one word. bracket indicates metheg.)  
יִשְׁמַע (he) will hear  
תִּשְׁמַע (she) will hear  
קָטַל (he) killed  
יֶחֱטָא (he) will sin  
The three verb tenses are the Qatal, Wayyiqtol, and Yiqtol (revised)
What is aspect? how writer views action, as a whole or as a process. Perfective or Imperfective.  
What is mood? (aka modality) tells us if the verb is actual or possible. Indicative, subjunctive (non-indicative, modal)  
What is voice? tells us if the subject is active or passive.  
Quatal: traditionally named, mood, aspect, tense traditionally the “perfect”, indicative mood, perfective aspect, past tense as default but may be present or present perfect  
Wayyiqtol: mood, aspect, tense indicative mood, perfective aspect as default, past tense translated with “and” in front of it.  
Yiqtol: traditionally named, default tense + mood traditionally the “imperfect”, default is future indicative  
Yiqtol’s mood changes with word position If first word in sentence, then ‘modal’. Otherwise, it is indicative.  
In what 2 cases can a Yiqtol be modal, though not in the first position? 1) In a question. 2) If God is the subject.  
Word position does not impact a Yiqtol’s aspect in this case. When used in a conditional statement (with protasis and apodosis), translation of the Yiqtol depends on context.  
How to determine a Yiqtol’s tense? If it is indicative, then context determines tense. May be future (most common) or past.  

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