Chapter 20 Stems and Parts
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| The vowel after the first consonant of the root. | First-radical vowel. | |
| The vowel in the ‘stuff added’ to the front of a verb. | Preformative vowel. | |
| The vowel after the second consonant of the root. | Stem vowel. | |
| A vowel inserted between the final consonant of the root and a sufformative. | linking vowel. | |
| The seven major stems are: | Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, Hiphil, Hophal, and Hithpael. | |
| קטל in the Qal | קָטַל | |
| קטל in the Niphal | נִקְטַל | |
| קטל in the Piel | קִטֵּל | |
| קטל in the Pual | קֻטַּל | |
| קטל in the Hithpael | הִתְקַטֵּל | |
| קטל in the Hiphil | הִקְטִיל | |
| קטל in the Hophal | הָקְטַל | |
| The three stems which are essentially passive. | Pual, Hophal, Niphal | |
| The two stems which are active and come with explicit or implied direct objects. | Piel, Hiphil | |
| The stem which is unmarked, without semantic nuance. | Qal | |
| The stem which is reflexive, with the subject acting upon itself. | Hithpael | |
| Big idea, Qal Stem | The basic stem. Can be transitive (takes a d.o.), intransitive (will not take d.o.), or stative (to be). | |
| Big idea, Niphal Stem | Passive (or reflexive) | |
| Big idea, Piel Stem | The active of the Pual. | |
| Big idea, Pual Stem | The passive of the Piel. | |
| Big idea, Hithpael Stem | Reflexive | |
| Big idea, Hiphil Stem | Active of the Hophal | |
| Big idea, Hophal Stem | Passive of the Hiphil | |
| List the Stems | Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, Hithpael, Hiphil, Hophal. | |
| קטל Stems (Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, Hithpael, Hiphil, Hophal) | הָקְטַל, הִקְטִיל, הִתְקַטֵּל, קֻטַּל, קִטֵּל, נִקְטַל, קָטַל | |
| קטל kill (strong) Principles Parts (Qatal, Yiqtol, Inf Const, Participle) | קֹטֵל, קְטֹל, יִקְטֹל, קָטַל | |
| עמד stand (I-ע/ח) Principles Parts (Qatal, Yiqtol, Inf Const, Participle) | עֹמֵד, עֲמֹד, יַעֲמֹד, עָמַד | |
| בחר choose (II-Guttural) Principles Parts (Qatal, Yiqtol, Inf Const, Participle) | בֹּחֵר, בְּחֹר, יִבְחַר, בָּחַר | |
| שׁמע hear (III-ע/ח)Principles Parts (Qatal, Yiqtol, Inf Const, Participle) | שֹׁמֵעַ, שְׁמֹעַ, יִשְׁמַע, שָׁמַע | |
| מצא find (III-א)Principles Parts (Qatal, Yiqtol, Inf Const, Participle) | מֹצֵא, מְצֹא, יִמְצָא, מָצָא | |
| חטא sin (I-ח and III-א) Principles Parts (Qatal, Yiqtol, Inf Const, Participle) | חוֹטֵא, חֲטֹא, יֶחֱטָא, חָטָא |
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