types of poetry and fundamental terms to understand poetry
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| Antonym | Words that are opposite in meaning. | |
| Blank verse | A line of poetry or prose in unrhymed iambic pentameter | |
| Connotation | The personal or emotional associations called up by a word that go beyond its dictionary meaning. | |
| Denotation | The dictionary meaning of a word. | |
| Form | The arrangement, manner or method used to convey the content, such as free verse, couplet, limerick, haiku... | |
| Free verse | Poetry without a regular pattern of meter or rhyme. | |
| Homonym | Two or more distinct words with the same pronunciation and spelling but with different meanings. | |
| Homophone | Two or more words with the same pronunciation but with different meanings and spellings. | |
| Hyperbole | An exaggeration of the truth | |
| Image | A concrete representation of a sense impression, a feeling, or an idea. | |
| Imagery | Figurative language used to create particular mental images. | |
| Rhyme | The matching of final vowel or consonant sounds in two or more words. | |
| Meter | The measured pattern of rhythmic accents in poems. | |
| Metaphor | An association of two completely different objects as being the same thing | |
| Simile | A figure of speech invoking a comparison between unlike things using | |
| Synonym | One of two or more words that have the same or nearly the same meanings. | |
| Apostrophe | An address to a person absent or dead or to an abstract entity | |
| Diction | Poet's distinctive choices in vocabulary | |
| Echo | Repetition of key word or idea for effect | |
| Onomatopoeia | Use of words resembling the sounds they mean | |
| Oxymoron | A seeming contradiction in two words put together | |
| Paradox | A seeming contradiction that surprises by its pithiness | |
| Acrostic Poem | A poem in which the first letters of each line form a word or message relating to the subject. | |
| Ballad | A narrative poem which is, or originally was, meant to be sung. The narrator begins with the climactic episode, tells the story by means of action and dialogue, and tells it without self-reference or the expression of personal attitudes or feelings. | |
| Cinquain | The five lines of the poem contain, in order, two, four, six, eight, and two syllables. Iambic meter prevails. | |
| Haiku | A Japanese form of poetry, which gives a brief description of nature. Haiku consists of three unrhymed lines of five, seven and five syllables. | |
| Limerick | A light or humorous verse form of five lines in which lines one, two and five are of three feet and lines three and four are of two feet, with a rhyme scheme of aabba. | |
| Anapestic meter | Meter using a foot of three syllables, in which the accent falls on the third syllable. | |
| Dactylic | Meter using a foot of three syllables, in which the accent falls on the first syllable. | |
| End rhyme | The near duplication of sounds that takes place at the ends of lines. | |
| Eye rhyme | Rhyme in which the ending of words are spelled alike; in most instances were pronounced alike. | |
| Iambic foot | Consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. | |
| Internal rhyme | Involves rhyming sounds within the same line. | |
| Ottava Rima | An Italian stanza form adapted to English as an eight-line stanza with the rhyme scheme: a b a b a b c c | |
| Perfect rhyme | Rhyme in which the final accented vowels of the rhyming words and all succeeding sounds are identical while preceding sounds are different. In perfect rhyme, the correspondence of rhymed sounds is exact. | |
| Quatrain | A four line stanza. Quatrains are most commonly seen in English verse. | |
| Rhyme royal | A seven line, iambic pentameter stanza with the rhyme scheme a b a b b c c. | |
| Rhyme scheme | The pattern of rhymed words. | |
| Trochaic meter | Meter using a foot of two syllables, in which the accent falls on the first syllable. |
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