Communication Development in Children
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| What are the three major divisions of the auditory system? | External ear structures, middle ear, and inner ear. | |
| What is the purpose of the external ear structures? | To funnel sound from the pinna through the ear canal to the tympanic membrane, airborne vibrations change to fluid vibrations. | |
| What is the purpose of the middle ear? | The muscles and bone action transmits sound wave vibrations to the inner ear. | |
| What are the three bones in the middle ear? | The ossicles: incus, stapes, and malleus. | |
| What is the purpose of the inner ear? | Convert sound waves to electrical signal via connections with the auditory nerve, sound is interpreted by the CNS. | |
| What is the inner ear’s hearing receptor? | The Organ of Corti in the cochlea. | |
| What are the four characteristics of sound? | Loudness/amplitude, frequency/pitch, duration, and location. | |
| What is loudness/amplitude? | Intensity of sound, loud vs. soft. | |
| How is loudness/amplitude measured? | Decibels. | |
| What is frequency /pitch? | The frequency of the sound wave, high vs. low tone. | |
| How is frequency/pitch measured? | Hertz. | |
| What is duration? | The length of time stimulation occurs. | |
| What is location? | Source of origin of sound, related to sensory registration and orientation. | |
| What is the order of auditory localization development? | Reflexive movement-->sharp sounds=eye blinks or reflexive movement/soft sounds = eye widening (no head turning)-->head turns laterally to general direction of sound-->downward localization begins-->upward localization begins-->curved arc downward-->curved arc upward-->diagonal head turning. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate reflexive movement in auditory localization development? | Fetus. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate sharp sounds=eye blinks or reflexive movement/soft sounds = eye widening (no head turning) in auditory localization development? | Neonate. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate head turning laterally to general direction of sound in auditory localization development? | 2-3 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate downward localization in auditory localization development? | 5-6 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate upward localization in auditory localization development? | 6-7 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate a curved arc downward in auditory localization development? | 8-9 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate a curved arc upward in auditory localization development? | 9-10 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate diagonal head turning in auditory localization development? | 11-12 months. | |
| What is the link between vestibular and auditory? | Anatomical proximity and phylogenetics (evolutionary development), balance is affected with severe ear infection. | |
| What is the link between visual and auditory? | Sound localization and orientation, learning pronunciation in speech (lip reading). | |
| What is linguistics? | The study of language systems and processes. | |
| What are the four aspects of language in linguistics? | Sound/fluency, grammar, meaning, and interaction. | |
| How does expressive language develop? | Through environmental influence and social learning. | |
| What is the social learning approach? | Children only acquire the language to which they are exposed, (nurture theory). | |
| What is receptive language? | What the child understands. | |
| What is expressive language? | The child’s ability to say/express words. | |
| What are the components of expressive language? | Articulation, word use, and language abilities. | |
| What is the order of key language development? | Cooing and babbling, first words, two word sentences (telegraphic speech), “wh” questions and nouns and verbs reversed, basic elements of adult speech. | |
| What is telegraphic speech? | Combining words in abbreviated sentences. | |
| At what age do cooing and babbling first occur? | First 6 months, becomes more complex with different inflection, deaf babies do not change inflection. | |
| At what age do first words usually occur? | 12 months. | |
| At what age does telegraphic speech and two word sentences occur? | 24 months. | |
| At what age do “wh” questions and noun and verb reversals occur? | 4 y.o. | |
| At what age do most children have the basic elements of adult speech? | 5 y.o. | |
| What are the three major divisions of the auditory system? | External ear structures, middle ear, and inner ear. | |
| What is the purpose of the external ear structures? | To funnel sound from the pinna through the ear canal to the tympanic membrane, airborne vibrations change to fluid vibrations. | |
| What is the purpose of the middle ear? | The muscles and bone action transmits sound wave vibrations to the inner ear. | |
| What are the three bones in the middle ear? | The ossicles: incus, stapes, and malleus. | |
| What is the purpose of the inner ear? | Convert sound waves to electrical signal via connections with the auditory nerve, sound is interpreted by the CNS. | |
| What is the inner ear’s hearing receptor? | The Organ of Corti in the cochlea. | |
| What are the four characteristics of sound? | Loudness/amplitude, frequency/pitch, duration, and location. | |
| What is loudness/amplitude? | Intensity of sound, loud vs. soft. | |
| How is loudness/amplitude measured? | Decibels. | |
| What is frequency /pitch? | The frequency of the sound wave, high vs. low tone. | |
| How is frequency/pitch measured? | Hertz. | |
| What is duration? | The length of time stimulation occurs. | |
| What is location? | Source of origin of sound, related to sensory registration and orientation. | |
| What is the order of auditory localization development? | Reflexive movement-->sharp sounds=eye blinks or reflexive movement/soft sounds = eye widening (no head turning)-->head turns laterally to general direction of sound-->downward localization begins-->upward localization begins-->curved arc downward-->curved arc upward-->diagonal head turning. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate reflexive movement in auditory localization development? | Fetus. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate sharp sounds=eye blinks or reflexive movement/soft sounds = eye widening (no head turning) in auditory localization development? | Neonate. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate head turning laterally to general direction of sound in auditory localization development? | 2-3 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate downward localization in auditory localization development? | 5-6 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate upward localization in auditory localization development? | 6-7 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate a curved arc downward in auditory localization development? | 8-9 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate a curved arc upward in auditory localization development? | 9-10 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate diagonal head turning in auditory localization development? | 11-12 months. | |
| What is the link between vestibular and auditory? | Anatomical proximity and phylogenetics (evolutionary development), balance is affected with severe ear infection. | |
| What is the link between visual and auditory? | Sound localization and orientation, learning pronunciation in speech (lip reading). | |
| What is linguistics? | The study of language systems and processes. | |
| What are the four aspects of language in linguistics? | Sound/fluency, grammar, meaning, and interaction. | |
| How does expressive language develop? | Through environmental influence and social learning. | |
| What is the social learning approach? | Children only acquire the language to which they are exposed, (nurture theory). | |
| What is receptive language? | What the child understands. | |
| What is expressive language? | The child’s ability to say/express words. | |
| What are the components of expressive language? | Articulation, word use, and language abilities. | |
| What is the order of key language development? | Cooing and babbling, first words, two word sentences (telegraphic speech), “wh” questions and nouns and verbs reversed, basic elements of adult speech. | |
| What is telegraphic speech? | Combining words in abbreviated sentences. | |
| At what age do cooing and babbling first occur? | First 6 months, becomes more complex with different inflection, deaf babies do not change inflection. | |
| At what age do first words usually occur? | 12 months. | |
| At what age does telegraphic speech and two word sentences occur? | 24 months. | |
| At what age do “wh” questions and noun and verb reversals occur? | 4 y.o. | |
| At what age do most children have the basic elements of adult speech? | 5 y.o. | |
| What are the three major divisions of the auditory system? | External ear structures, middle ear, and inner ear. | |
| What is the purpose of the external ear structures? | To funnel sound from the pinna through the ear canal to the tympanic membrane, airborne vibrations change to fluid vibrations. | |
| What is the purpose of the middle ear? | The muscles and bone action transmits sound wave vibrations to the inner ear. | |
| What are the three bones in the middle ear? | The ossicles: incus, stapes, and malleus. | |
| What is the purpose of the inner ear? | Convert sound waves to electrical signal via connections with the auditory nerve, sound is interpreted by the CNS. | |
| What is the inner ear’s hearing receptor? | The Organ of Corti in the cochlea. | |
| What are the four characteristics of sound? | Loudness/amplitude, frequency/pitch, duration, and location. | |
| What is loudness/amplitude? | Intensity of sound, loud vs. soft. | |
| How is loudness/amplitude measured? | Decibels. | |
| What is frequency /pitch? | The frequency of the sound wave, high vs. low tone. | |
| How is frequency/pitch measured? | Hertz. | |
| What is duration? | The length of time stimulation occurs. | |
| What is location? | Source of origin of sound, related to sensory registration and orientation. | |
| What is the order of auditory localization development? | Reflexive movement-->sharp sounds=eye blinks or reflexive movement/soft sounds = eye widening (no head turning)-->head turns laterally to general direction of sound-->downward localization begins-->upward localization begins-->curved arc downward-->curved arc upward-->diagonal head turning. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate reflexive movement in auditory localization development? | Fetus. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate sharp sounds=eye blinks or reflexive movement/soft sounds = eye widening (no head turning) in auditory localization development? | Neonate. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate head turning laterally to general direction of sound in auditory localization development? | 2-3 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate downward localization in auditory localization development? | 5-6 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate upward localization in auditory localization development? | 6-7 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate a curved arc downward in auditory localization development? | 8-9 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate a curved arc upward in auditory localization development? | 9-10 months. | |
| At what age does a child demonstrate diagonal head turning in auditory localization development? | 11-12 months. | |
| What is the link between vestibular and auditory? | Anatomical proximity and phylogenetics (evolutionary development), balance is affected with severe ear infection. | |
| What is the link between visual and auditory? | Sound localization and orientation, learning pronunciation in speech (lip reading). | |
| What is linguistics? | The study of language systems and processes. | |
| What are the four aspects of language in linguistics? | Sound/fluency, grammar, meaning, and interaction. | |
| How does expressive language develop? | Through environmental influence and social learning. | |
| What is the social learning approach? | Children only acquire the language to which they are exposed, (nurture theory). | |
| What is receptive language? | What the child understands. | |
| What is expressive language? | The child’s ability to say/express words. | |
| What are the components of expressive language? | Articulation, word use, and language abilities. | |
| What is the order of key language development? | Cooing and babbling, first words, two word sentences (telegraphic speech), “wh” questions and nouns and verbs reversed, basic elements of adult speech. | |
| What is telegraphic speech? | Combining words in abbreviated sentences. | |
| At what age do cooing and babbling first occur? | First 6 months, becomes more complex with different inflection, deaf babies do not change inflection. | |
| At what age do first words usually occur? | 12 months. | |
| At what age does telegraphic speech and two word sentences occur? | 24 months. | |
| At what age do “wh” questions and noun and verb reversals occur? | 4 y.o. | |
| At what age do most children have the basic elements of adult speech? | 5 y.o. | |
| What is the link between vestibular and auditory? | Anatomical proximity and phylogenetics (evolutionary development), balance is affected with severe ear infection. | |
| What is the link between visual and auditory? | Sound localization and orientation, learning pronunciation in speech (lip reading). | |
| What is linguistics? | The study of language systems and processes. | |
| What are the four aspects of language in linguistics? | Sound/fluency, grammar, meaning, and interaction. | |
| How does expressive language develop? | Through environmental influence and social learning. | |
| What is the social learning approach? | Children only acquire the language to which they are exposed, (nurture theory). | |
| What is receptive language? | What the child understands. | |
| What is expressive language? | The child’s ability to say/express words. | |
| What are the components of expressive language? | Articulation, word use, and language abilities. | |
| What is the order of key language development? | Cooing and babbling, first words, two word sentences (telegraphic speech), “wh” questions and nouns and verbs reversed, basic elements of adult speech. | |
| What is telegraphic speech? | Combining words in abbreviated sentences. | |
| At what age do cooing and babbling first occur? | First 6 months, becomes more complex with different inflection, deaf babies do not change inflection. | |
| At what age do first words usually occur? | 12 months. | |
| At what age does telegraphic speech and two word sentences occur? | 24 months. | |
| At what age do “wh” questions and noun and verb reversals occur? | 4 y.o. | |
| At what age do most children have the basic elements of adult speech? | 5 y.o. | |
| What is the order of a child’s first six months of receptive language skill progression? | Crying/throaty noises, eyes follow movement/beginning smile, attends to pleasant voice, turns head to attend to sound, responds to own name, begins recognition of words like dada or mama. | |
| What is the order of a child’s receptive language skill progression 7-12 months? | Responds to common commands like “up,” recognizing names of common objects, follows simple commands like “where is the ball,” consistently demonstrates understanding of “no” and “stop,” begins to recognize names of people, pets, and objects. | |
| What is the order of a child’s receptive language skill progression 13 months to 3 years? | Identifies body parts and common objects, understands possession/follows simple directions, understands pronouns and prepositions/listens to simple stories, can understand taking turns. | |
| What is the order of a child’s first six months of expressive language skill progression? | 2 distinct cries of hunger or loss of support, coos/sounds of m, p, b, coos and gurgles, plays with voice, vocal play increases. | |
| What is the order of a child’s expressive language skill progression 7-12 months? | Babbling/may put two syllables together, makes the sound da-da-da, shakes head no/begins peek a boo, first word/may “talk” without using true words, verbalization increases. | |
| What is the order of a child’s expressive language skill progression 13 months to 3 years? | Link simple words, use simple two word phrases, uses three and four word phrases, vocabulary increases/omits helping words in sentences. |
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