Self care development in children
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| When do the foundations of self care develop? | Infancy | |
| What are the benefits of participation in self care? | Improved motor and cognitive skills, sensory awareness, sense of accomplishment, meeting of role expectations, caregivers have more time for other tasks. | |
| What are the pre-requisites for motor skills? | Active range against gravity, coordination, reach, grasp, release, balance and equilibrium. | |
| What are components of sensory awareness? | Vision, perception, tactile, body scheme. | |
| What are factors that affect performance in self care tasks? | Child’s skill level, developmental and chronological age, child’s role in family, family’s SES, and cultural environment. | |
| How can caregivers help children complete the task of dressing? | By using backward chaining for quick success. | |
| What is the typical trend in the development of dressing? | Take off before put on, distal occurs before proximal, can do large before small fasteners and undo before doing fasteners. | |
| How long does the typical development of dressing last? | About four years of practice. | |
| What are the pre-requisites to dressing? | Child must know where body is in space and how parts relate, equilibrium and shifting center of gravity. | |
| What is the dressing skill progression from 6 months to 2 y.o.? | Remove socks, Helps with dressing by holding out body part, pulls pants off by themselves, takes off shoes and socks without help, undresses completely and pulls on prepared shirt, may try to put on clothes independently but generally unsuccessful. | |
| What is the dressing skill progression from 30 months to 6 y.o.? | May tantrum during dressing and sag or refuse to cooperate, dresses with supervision, can undo large fasteners, shoelaces, and zippers, can button coat or dress, dresses without supervision, distinguishes front and back, dresses independently other than difficult fasteners, ties shoelaces. | |
| What are the pre-requisites to toileting? | Sufficient sphincter control (dependent upon myelination = can stand and take two steps), recognize and attend to feelings of fullness in bladder, the ability to communicate, wanting to please others, parent readiness. | |
| What are the trends in toileting? | Bowel control, daytime bladder control, night time bladder control (up to age 5). | |
| What is the skill progression of toileting 15 months to 2 y.o.? | Bowel control/indicates wet pants, little resistance to toilet except when they don’t need it, differentiates bowel or bladder verbally. | |
| What is the skill progression of toileting 2 y.o. to 5 y.o.? | dry during day as control of muscles of bladder increases/pulls down pants, but unable to pull them up, dry through night if gotten up once or twice to go/requests help in removing pants, wiping, and dressing, cares for self during toileting and can replace clothing, stays dry through night. |
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