Feeding in children
Popularity (by total correct streak): 0
Popularity (by number of users): 3
| What are the social development skills that affect feeding? | Atachment, trust vs. mistrust, autonomy, communication, and family. | |
| How does family influence feeding? | How they identify rhythms, cues, signals of hunger and satisfaction. | |
| What is non-organic failure to thrive? | Child is underfed as parent reads pauses as signal to stop feeding, child does not get enough food, weight falls below the 5th percentile for age. | |
| What is organic failure to thrive? | Child does not gain weight due to physiological reason. | |
| What are the components of the communication aspect of feeding? | Reading and giving of cues, feeding muscles are also important for speech, head/trunk/UE control important to prevent aspiration. | |
| How do children develop autonomy through feeding? | Schedule vs. demand feeding, child can ask for something and receive it. | |
| What are the anatomy differences between adults and infants? | Small, retracted mandible, sucking pads, limited tongue movement, obligate nose breathers, epiglottis and eustachian tube differences. | |
| What is the purpose of sucking pads? | Create firmness for stability, provides anatomical stability and negative pressure. | |
| By what age do sucking pads disappear? | 6 months. | |
| What type of tongue movement do newborns have? | Limited backward/forward movement. | |
| What is the relationship of the epiglottis and soft palate in the adult vs. baby? | Adult = epiglottis and soft palate do not touch, Infant = epiglottis and soft palate touch. | |
| What is the anatomical advantage to the infant’s epiglottis and soft palate touching? | Liquid will not fall back and be aspirated, baby’s can feed lying down, baby can breathe while drinking/swallowing. | |
| What is the difference between an infant vs. adult eustachian tubes? | Adults = more vertical, infant = horizontal. | |
| What is the consequence of an infant’s eustachian tubes being more horizontal? | Ear infections occur more readily. | |
| What changes occur in mouth anatomy from 4-12 months? | Oral space becomes bigger and mandible moves down and forward, sucking pads decrease in size, goal is regular chair and independent feeding. | |
| What are the risks of continuing to feed physically impaired child in supine? | Anatomical changes means child’s anatomical structure no longer prevents aspiration. | |
| What is the order of reflexes related to feeding? | Rooting reaction, sucking, swallowing, gag reflex, phasic bite, and Babkin/Palmar mental reflex | |
| What is the position and procedure for testing rooting reaction? | Child in supine with head midline, with finger, stroke skin at corner of mouth moving laterally toward cheek, upper/bottom lip on right/left side. | |
| What is the response for the rooting reaction? | The response for stimulation of upper lip produces opening of the mouth and retroflexion of the head, stimulation of the lower lip produces mouth opening and jaw dropping, in all instances infant tries to suck the stimulating finger. | |
| What is the significance of the rooting reaction? | To find food, contract neck muscles. | |
| What is the position and procedure for testing sucking? | Infant in supine with head midline, place a finger into the infant’s mouth. | |
| What is the response for sucking? | Rhythmical and bursts of sucking movement with rest periods, with removal of stimulus, infant’s head flexes toward stimulus. | |
| What is the significance of sucking? | To obtain nourishment. | |
| How might sucking be inhibited? | If the infant had asphyxia. | |
| What is the position and procedure for swallowing? | Infant in supine with head midline and slightly flexed, liquid contacts back of tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and epiglottis. | |
| What is the response for swallowing? | Visible elevation of the hyoid bone, jaws separate, no dry swallowing in infants. | |
| What is the significance of swallowing? | To clear oral area. | |
| What is the position and procedure for the gag reflex? | Infant in supine with head midline and slightly flexed, stimulate posterior half of tongue or pharyngeal area. | |
| What is the response for the gag reflex? | Lowering of the jaw and a forward and downward movement of the tongue. | |
| What is the significance of the gag reflex? | Protection from foreign materials entering the trachea. | |
| What is a hypoactive gag reflex? | No gag reflex with stimulus. | |
| What is a hyperactive gag reflex? | Any touch to the oral area results in a gag reflex. | |
| What is the position and procedure for phasic bite? | Infant in supine or sitting with head midline and slightly flexed, stimulate gums or teeth. | |
| What is the response for phasic bite? | Rhythmical bite and release pattern, jaw opens and closes, non-functional. | |
| What is the significance of the phasic bite? | Allows chewing to develop. | |
| What is an abnormal response to phasic bite? | Tonic bite reflex, too much tone, bite and mouth does not open. | |
| What is the position and procedure for the Babin/palmar mental reflex? | Infant in supine, head rotated to one side, elbows slightly extended, apply strong pressure with thumbs to palms of infants hands simultaneously (hands by mouth). | |
| What is the response to the Babin/palmar mental reflex? | Mouth opens with slight tongue elevation, head flexes and rotates to midline. | |
| What is the significance of the Babin/palmar mental reflex? | Mouth opens. | |
| What is the order of development in cup drinking? | Suckling pattern, drop suckling with tongue beneath cup, bit on cup, stabilized jaw and can control liquid intake with lips. | |
| What are the factors that affect spoon feeding? | Cultural expectations, mother’s preference, child’s hunger, and the pediatrician’s preference. | |
| When can a child digest food? | 6+months. | |
| What is the order of development for using a spoon? | Wide jaw excursion, suckling pattern/lips do not participate in removing food, recognizes spoon and tongue stops moving, upper lip moves downward and forward, upper lip moves forward down and in/lower lip moves in as spoon is removed, upper/incisors/gums participate, tongue moves in sweeping motion to clean both lips. | |
| What is the order of chewing development through 8-9 months? | Phasic bite reflex, munching pattern, eats ground or junior foods/vertical jaw movement/some tongue lateralization, lips move with jaw during chewing. | |
| What is the order of chewing development from 12 through 24 months? | Moves foot from center of tongue to either side/upper lips cleans food from lower lip/vertical jaw movements when chewing, diagonal movements/skilled lateral tongue movement/lip closure when eating, rotary jaw movement/bites off pieces of hard foods. |
Quisition is a browser-based flashcard system that repeats old cards and introduces new ones at optimal time intervals. You can create your own card packs or use those developed by others.
