Social Emotional Development in Children
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| What are the three stages in Kohlberg’s (1969) moral theory of social-emotional development? | Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional reasoning. | |
| What is the key component of Kohlberg’s pre-conventional reasoning stage? | Punishment or obedience orientation. | |
| What are the key components of Kohlberg’s conventional reasoning stage? | Internalized rules/standards imposed by others, instrumental purpose and exchange, maintaining mutual relations, social system and conscience. | |
| What is the key component of Kohlberg’s post-conventional reasoning stage? | Contracting, internalized universal sense of order or justice. | |
| What are the five stages in Selman’s (1980) social role taking (perspective taking) theory of social-emotional development? | Ego-centrism, social informational, self reflection, mutual, social conventional system. | |
| How is Erikson’s theory of social-emotional development different? | It is across the lifespan. | |
| What is Erikson’s theory of social-emotional development in infancy? | Trust vs. mistrust. | |
| What is Erikson’s theory of social-emotional development from 1-3 y.o.? | Autonomy vs. shame and doubt. | |
| What is Erikson’s theory of social-emotional development from 3-6 y.o.? | Initiative vs. guilt. | |
| What is Erikson’s theory of social-emotional development from 6 through puberty? | Industry vs. inferiority (teams, activities, needs to feel effective in their environment). | |
| What is Erikson’s theory of social-emotional development in adolescence? | Identity vs. role confusion. | |
| What is Erikson’s theory of social-emotional development from 18-24 y.o.? | Intimacy vs. isolation. | |
| What is Erikson’s theory of social-emotional development in adulthood? | Generativity vs. stagnation. | |
| What is Erikson’s theory of social-emotional development from 65+? | Integrity vs. despair. | |
| What are Havighurst’s sources for developmental tasks? | Physical maturity, cultural expectations, individual aspirations. | |
| What are Havighurst’s developmental middle childhood tasks from 6-12 y.o.? | Building a wholesome attitude toward self, learning to get along with peers, learning appropriate masculine/feminine roles, developing conscious morality and scale of values, achieving personal independence, and attitude toward social groups and institutions. | |
| What are Havighurst’s developmental tasks of adolescence from 13+? | Achievement of more mature relationships with both sexes, masculine and feminine social roles, emotional independence, economic independence, preparation for occupation, marriage and family life, development of intellectual skills and concepts for civic competence, socially responsible behavior, acquisition of a set of values used to guide behavior. | |
| What purpose do peers serve? | A source for reinforcement, modeling, allow child to act out internalized struggles, helps the child deal with egocentrism. | |
| What are the different types of interactions children encounter? | Parent<->child, adult<->child, child<->child. | |
| What are the components of peer directed behavior in the infancy phase 0-12 months? | Will touch peer in touching distance, smile in response to peer, offer and take objects with peers, games. | |
| What are the components of peer directed behavior in toddlers 13-24 months? | Ability to engage in complimentary & reciprocal play (contingent on cognitive development), play is closer to mom and tied to tangible objects. | |
| What are the components of peer directed behavior in toddlers 24-42 months? | Symbolism/pretend play, depends on exposure. | |
| What are the components of peer directed behavior in the social knowledge peer group at 42+ months? | ”The informer,” aware of being members of a group and can make judgments about others. | |
| What are the components of peer directed behavior in a child 6 y.o.? | Pursue certain interests and companions, have friends. | |
| What are the components of peer directed behavior in children 9 y.o.? | Friends help and share secrets. | |
| What are the components of peer directed behavior in children 11 y.o.? | Concerned with the welfare of friends. | |
| What are the factors affecting peer interactions? | Acquainted vs. strangers, those with peer experience show more complex behavior, dyad vs. group. | |
| What is the relationship of peers to other areas of development? | Cognitive, communication related (deaf), social emotional (ability to get along with others and display age appropriate skills). |
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