Descending Systems 2
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| What is the function of the corticospinal tract? | The pyramidal tract is primarily excitatory to alpha motor neurons, responsible for voluntary control of skilled movement of the limbs and hands, confers speed and agility on voluntary motor activity. | |
| What is the origin of the rubrospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Crossed fibers from the red nucleus of the midbrain. | |
| What is the course of the rubrospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Descends in the lateral column ventral to the lateral corticospinal tract. | |
| Where is the termination of the rubrospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | The cervical and upper thoracic cord. | |
| What is the function of the rubrospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Facilitates flexor motor neurons to regulate tone in flexor muscle groups and simultaneously inhibits extensor motor neurons. | |
| What is the origin of the tectospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Crossed fibers from the superior colliculus of the midbrain tectum. | |
| Where is the termination of the tectospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | The cervical cord. | |
| What is the function of the tectospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Reflex turning of the head in response to visual, auditory, and cutaneous stimuli. | |
| What is the origin of the lateral vestibulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Uncrossed fibers from the lateral vestibular nucleus (Dieter’s nucleus) of the medulla and lower pons. | |
| Where is the termination of the lateral vestibulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | All levels of the spinal cord. | |
| What is the function of the lateral vestibulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Facilitates motor neurons to maintain tone in antigravity muscles (extension) and simultaneously inhibits flexor motor neurons. | |
| What might cause balance/posture dysfunction? | A tumor of the 4th ventricle that presses on the lateral vestibular nucleus and pathway. | |
| What is the origin of the medial longitudinal fasiculus/medial vestibulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Crossed and uncrossed fibers from the medial vestibular nucleus of the medulla. | |
| Where is the termination of the medial longitudinal fasiculus/medial vestibulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | The cervical spinal cord. | |
| What is the function of the medial longitudinal fasiculus/medial vestibulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Regulates the tone of the neck extensor muscles to support the head in various positions. | |
| What is the origin of the pontine/medial reticulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | The medial area of pontine reticular formation in the pons. | |
| Where is the termination of the pontine/medial reticulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | All levels of the spinal cord. | |
| What is the function of the pontine/medial reticulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Facilitates motor neurons, particularly extensor motor neurons, states of consciousness, wake, sleep. | |
| What is the origin of the medullary/lateral reticulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Crossed and uncrossed fibers from the medial area of the medullary reticular formation. | |
| Where is the termination of the medullary/lateral reticulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | All levels of the spinal cord. | |
| What is the function of the medullary/lateral reticulospinal tract (extrapyramidal)? | Inhibits motor neurons, particularly extensor motor neurons. |
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