Family 3

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What is Alcohol Related Birth Defect (ARBD)? Describes the disabling symptoms that can result from prenatal exposure to alcohol.  
What is the incidence of FAS? 1 in 750 live births.  
What are the effects of first trimester exposure in-utero to alcohol? Organ and musculoskeletal anomalies.  
What are the effects of second and third trimester exposure in-utero to alcohol? Growth, intellectual, and behavior deficits.  
What are common impairments seen in children with fetal alcohol syndrome? MR, below 3rd percentile for weight, height, and head circumference, malformations in body systems, increased bacterial infections, orthopedic anomalies, speech/language difficulties.  
What are behavioral differences seen in children with FAS? Infants: irritability, tremors, sleeping disorders, failure to thrive; older infants: hyperactive, impulsive, distractible, LD.  
What are motor deficits seen in children with FAS? Delayed motor development, body tremors, abnormal hand to mouth activity, increased head orientation to the left, altered reflexes, delays in postural reflexes, balance deficits.  
Identify common problems seen in infants that have been exposed to substance abuse. Fetus may become addicted – high mortality, premature, LBW, accelerated liver and lung development, brain damage, labor difficulties (placenta separates easily), irritable, have tremors, cognitive impairments, behavioral problems.  
Define child abuse and child neglect. Includes non-accidental injury/physical abuse and excessive punishment, emotional/psychological abuse, emotional neglect/deprivation, and sexual abuse/exploitation.  
What are the characteristics of physical child abuse? Injury to skin or soft tissue, fractures, shaken baby syndrome, drowning.  
What are the characteristics of psychological/emotional child abuse? Excessive parental demands, instilling fear or terror, rejection, isolation.  
What are the characteristics of neglect child abuse? Lack of basic needs, health care, or education, exposure to domestic violence, misuse of drugs, permitting criminal behavior.  
What are the characteristics of sexual child abuse? Exploitation of the child for the sexual gratification of the perpetrator.  
What are the typical characteristics of a person who abuses a child? Usually someone the child knows, Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy.  
What are the physical markers of child abuse? Multiple injuries incurred at one time or at frequent intervals, burns (dunking, cascade, cigarette), lacerations, skeletal injuries, may be hidden by clothing.  
What is observed in a bruise 0-2 days old? Swollen, tender.  
What is observed in a bruise 0-5 days old? Red, blue.  
What is observed in a bruise 5-7 days old? Green.  
What is observed in a bruise 7-10 days old? Yellow.  
What is observed in a bruise 10-14 days old? Brown.  
What is observed in a bruise after 2-4 weeks? Clear.  

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