Vision 2
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| What is the purpose of the X ganglion cells? | Color vision, associated with cones. | |
| What is the purpose of the Y ganglion cells? | Give wide field coverage for the eye and reflexes, respond to rapid changes in visual image, associated with rods and cones. | |
| What is the purpose of horizontal cells? | Interneurons that synapse with receptor and bipolar cells, help distribute info laterally across the retina (sweep). | |
| What is the purpose of amacrine cells? | Interneurons that synapse with ganglion and bipolar cells, help distribute info laterally across the retina (sweep). | |
| Identify the vascular supply for the eye and the primary arteries that give rise to this supply. | Central retinal artery originating from ophthalmic artery, enters eye along with CN 2. | |
| How many layers in the lateral geniculate? | Six. | |
| How is the lateral geniculate organized? | Retinotopically, similar to somatotopic mapping. | |
| What are the first two large layers of the lateral geniculate called? | Magnocellular divisions. | |
| What are last four layers of the lateral geniculate called? | Parvocellular divisions. | |
| Explain the purpose and intent of the Magnocellular/M pathway. | Alerting system, abrupt response at stimulus onset and offset, sensitive to rough visual forms (fast moving or unspecified objects), associated with retinal Y ganglion cells (rods). | |
| What are the strengths and weaknesses in the Magnocellular/M pathway? | Good at contrast sensitivity but weak color discrimination. | |
| Explain the purpose and intent of the Parvocellular/P pathway. | The what system, analyzes details of magnocellular pathway, responds between stimulus onset and offset, responds to spatial details that are static or slow and color and patterns, associated with X ganglion cells (cones). | |
| Identify the primary visual cortex of the human brain and the related association areas. | Area 17 primary visual cortex then areas 18 and 19 secondary visual cortex then on to the parietal and temporal lobes. | |
| Explain the relationship of the calcarine fissure to the cuneate gyrus and the lingual gyrus. | Above the calcarine fissure in the cuneate gyrus are the lower visual fields, below the fissure in the lingual gyrus are the upper visual fields | |
| Explain the light reflex pathway. | CN II to superior colliculus to pretectal nucleus to Edinger Westphal nucleus to parasympathetic preganglionic axons traveling to constrictor papillae muscle via CN III and to the ciliary ganglion, other pupil will also constrict (consensual light reflex). |
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