Vision 3
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| Explain the accommodation reflex pathway. | CN II to lateral geniculate nucleus to occipital lobe (areas 17, 18, & 19) to superior colliculus to oculomotor nucleus to medial rectus, another from superior colliculus to Edinger Westphal to CN III to preganglionic neurons to the ciliary ganglion to postganglionic neurons to short ciliary nerves to the constrictor papillae muscle to change the shape of the lens. | |
| Identify the components of the optical pathway for vision in the human. | Optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate nucleus, primary visual cortex (area 17), superior colliculus, pulvinar, association areas (area 18) | |
| Explain how an individual develops diplopia. | Double vision occurs when one set of eye muscles does not have the same range as the other set. | |
| Define heteronymous diplopia. | False image on side of unaffected eye. | |
| Define homonymous diplopia. | False image on side of affected eye. | |
| Relate the development of diplopia to the conjugate movement of the eyes. | When there is unstable congruence of a retinal image in both eyes or eye movements that are not coordinated the image falls on complementary portions of the retina in each eye. | |
| What is the function of medial rectus? | ADuction. | |
| What is the function of lateral rectus? | ABuction. | |
| What is the function of superior rectus? | Elevation, aDuction, medial rotation. | |
| What is the function of inferior rectus? | Depression, aDuction, lateral rotation. | |
| What is the function of superior oblique? | Depression, aBuction, medial rotation. | |
| What is the function of inferior oblique? | Elevate, aBucts, lateral rotation. | |
| What is the function of levator palpebrae superioris? | Elevates the upper eyelid. | |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the eye? | LR6(SO4)3. | |
| Define smooth pursuits. | The smooth movement of the eye as it slowly tracts an object, keeps the image centered on the fovea, involuntary eye movement. | |
| Define saccade. | Movement of the eye that directs the gaze from one object to another, much quicker than smooth pursuit, voluntary or reflexive. | |
| Define conjugate movement. | When the eyes move together in smooth pursuits, saccades, or VOR. | |
| Describe vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). | Coordinates eye movements with head movement. |
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