Brunnstrom
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| What are the Brunnstrom stages of recovery in the arm? | 1. Flaccidity,beginning spasticity, spasticity increasing, spasticity declining, synergies no longer dominant, spasticity absent | |
| What are the Brunnstrom stages of recovery in the hand? | No hand function, gross grasp, gross & hook grasp (no release), gross grasp, lateral prehension, some finger extension and thumb mvmt, palmar prehension, spherical & cylindrical grasp & release, all types of prehension, individual finger motion, full voluntary extension | |
| What are Associated Reactions? | Mvmts seen on the affected side in response to foluntary forceful mvmts in other parts of the body | |
| What is Homolateral Limb Synkinesis? | Dependency between the synergies of the affected upper and lower limbs, same motion | |
| What is Imitation Synkinesis? | Mirroring of mvmts attempted on the affected side by the unaffected side | |
| What is the Proximal Traction Response? | Elicited by a stretch to the flexor muscles of one joint of the UE which evokes contraction of all the flexors of that limb | |
| What is the Souques Finger Phenomena? | Hyperextension reaction of the fingers and thumb in response to forward upward elevation of the arm | |
| What is the Instinctive Avoiding Reaction? | Touching of palm makes fingers extend | |
| Who developed the Brunnstom approach? | Signe Brunnstrom | |
| Who were Brunnstrom's followers? | Fugl, Meyer, and Duncan | |
| Describe UE Flexor Synergy. | Predominant pattern in UE, Scapula – adduction & elevation, Shoulder – abduction, ER (weakest component), Elbow – flexion (strongest component), Forearm – supination, Wrist – flexion, Fingers – flexion | |
| Describe UE Extensor Synergy. | Scapula – abduction & depression, Shoulder – adduction, IR, Elbow – extension, Forearm – pronation, Wrist & Fingers – variable, flexion or extension | |
| Describe LE Flexor Synergy. | Not good for ambulation, Hip – flexion (strongest component), abduction, ER (weakest component), Knee - flexion, Ankle – dorsiflexion, inversion, Toes - extension | |
| Describe LE Extensor Synergy. | Hip – adduction (strong component), extension, IR (weakest component), Knee – extension (strong component), Ankle – plantar flexion (strong component), inversion, Toes – flexion |
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