cardiovascular system pp144-152 path, procedure, rx
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| angina pectoris | severe pain, constriction around heart, lack of O2 for heart | |
| arrhythmia | irregular heartbeat, some serious; some not | |
| bundle branch block (BBB) | block of e. signal in bundle of His or branches, ventricles beat different than atria, Heart Block | |
| cardiac arrest | complete stopping of heart | |
| cardiomyopathy | any disease of the myocardium, reason for heart transplant | |
| congenital septal defect | hole in septum, born with | |
| congenital heart failure | born with, reduced flow, lf ventricle too weak | |
| coronary artery disease | low blood supply to heart muscle, obstruction blocks | |
| endocarditis | inflam of inner membrane (in chambers), baterial or abnorm immune | |
| fibrillation | serious arrhythmia, quivering of the fibers, ventricular-cause death | |
| flutter | arrhythmia-artia beat to fast but regularly | |
| heart valve prolapse | cusp too loose, blood flows back, common in mitral | |
| heart valve stenosis | cusp too stiff, don't open or shut, any valve | |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | closing of coronary artery, possible dying of heart tissue, heart attack | |
| myocarditis | inflamm. of muscle layer of heart | |
| pericarditis | inflamm. of pericardial sac | |
| tetralogy of Fallot | 4 congential problems, pulmonary stenosis, intervent. septum defect, wrongly placed aorta, & hypertrophy of rt. vent. | |
| aneurysm | weak wall in artery, widens artery (swells) | |
| arteriosclerosis | thick & hard arteries | |
| atherosclerosis | common type of arteriosclerosis, yellow plaque formed | |
| coarctation of aorta | severe congential narrowing of aorta | |
| embolus | obstruction of blood vessel, blood clot broken from thrombus | |
| hemorrhiod | varicose vein in anal region | |
| hypertension | high BP, primary from CV disease, secondary from another disease | |
| hypotension | low BP, from shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or near death | |
| patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) | congental, connection between pulmonary artery & aorta is not closed | |
| perpheral vascular disease | any abnorm condition affect blood vessel outside the heart | |
| polyarteritis | multiple swollen arteries | |
| Raynaud's phenomenon | periodic ischemic attacks in extremities, become cyanotic, cold or emotional stress | |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of vein, clot | |
| thrombus | clot in blood vessel | |
| varicose veins | swollen & distended veins, usually legs | |
| cardiac enzymes | tests level of enzymes, increase=heart damage | |
| serum lipoprotein level | tests cholesterol & lipids in blood | |
| angiography | inject dye & X-ray vessels, | |
| cardiac scan | radioactive thallium, scans to visualize heart, determine damage | |
| Doppler ultrasonography | measure sound waves, viscosity of blood & find clots | |
| echocardiography | noninvasive diagnositic, visualize interal cardiac structure & valves | |
| venography | X-ray of veins, tracing venous pulse, find thrombus | |
| cardiac catherization | cath in blood vessel to heart, detect abnorm, collect samples,determine BP | |
| electrocardiography | record of heart's electricity, finds arrhythmia & damage | |
| Holter monitor | portable ECG monitor | |
| stress testing | evaluating CV fitness, treadmill or bike, EKG & O2 levels checked | |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation | CPR, chest compression & artificial respiration | |
| defibrillation | electric shocks to heart, correct severe arrhymia | |
| extracorporeal circulation | routing of blound to heart-lung maching during open heart surgery | |
| implantable cardioverter-defibrillator | device in heart delivering electric shock, correct fibrillation | |
| pacemaker implantation | electric device that control heart beat (implanted) | |
| thrombolytic therapy | drugs dissolving clots (streptokinase, plasminogen activator) | |
| aneurysmectomy | removal of aneurysm | |
| arterial anastomosis | joining of two arteries | |
| coronary artery bypass graft | open heart, other vessel grafted to bypass blocked coronary artery | |
| embolectomy | removal of clot | |
| endarterectomy | removal of diseased inner lining of artery | |
| heart transplantion | replacement of heart | |
| intracoronary artery stent | stent in coronary artery, treat arteriosclerosis | |
| ligation and stripping | treatment for varicose veins, tied off & removed | |
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty | treat coronary narrowing, ballon catheter insertedto inflate | |
| valve replacement | replacing valve with artificial | |
| ace inhibitors | produce vasodilation & lower BP | |
| antiarrhymic | reduce or prevent arrhythmia | |
| anticoagulant | prevent blood clot formation | |
| antilipidemic | reduce cholesterol & lipids in blood | |
| beta-blocker drugs | treat hypertension & angina pectoris by lowering heart rate | |
| calcium channel blockers | treats hypertension, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, heart beats less forcefully | |
| cardiotonic | increase force of heart contraction, treat congestion heart failure | |
| diuretic | increase urine, reduces plasma, lowers BP | |
| thrombolytic | dissolves existing blood clots | |
| vasoconstrictor | contracts walls of blood vessels, raises BP | |
| vasodilator | relaxes walls of blood vessels, increases circulation&lowers BP |
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