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| What element, found in all plants and animals, is used by scientists to determine approximate dates for an artifact’s age? | Carbon | |
| What scientific Family classification do humans belong to? | Hominids | |
| The study of the origin, the behavior, and the physical, social, and cultural development of humans is called: | Anthropology | |
| Who were the neanderthals? | A distinct species of hominids. Great hunters who also took care of burying their dead. Tool makers. | |
| Homo sapiens that lived during the Ice Age are called | Cro-Magnon. | |
| The Cave of Lascaux is: | a cave in France where prehistoric paintings are found. | |
| Which method of archaeological dating determines an artifact’s age in relation to other objects? | Relative dating | |
| Credited with beginning the Protestant Reformation. | Martin Luther | |
| Leader of the Mali Empire. | Mansa Musa | |
| BA leader of the Mongol Empire. | Genghis Khan | |
| Defeated England at the Battle of Hastings after invading from Normandy. | William the Conqueror | |
| Inventor, scientist, sculptor, painter. Painter of the Mona Lisa. | Leonardo da Vinci | |
| King of the Frankish Kingdom during the 8th century. He was known for increasing administration and learning. | Charlemagne | |
| What were the three major civilizations of Mesoamerica? | Maya, Aztec, Inca | |
| Which country invaded and destroyed the Aztec civilization? | Spain | |
| During the Japanese Middle Ages, what was the supreme leader or dictator called? | Shogun | |
| Which famous Shogun began as a daimyo holding a portion of Japan and eventually went on to begin a shogunate that lasted 300 years? | Ieyasu Tokugawa | |
| When Rome fell apart, the Eastern portion was still in existence. What name did this part of the Roman Empire take? | The Byzantine Empire | |
| What was the Christian Church of Western Europe during the Middle Ages? | Roman Catholic Church | |
| The time when there two Popes: one in Rome and one in Avignon, France, is known as what? | The Great Schism | |
| What was the main system of protection for people in the Middle Ages? Explain. | Feudalism. Large lords would provide land to their vassals in exchange for military service to protect the people of the land. | |
| What was a serf? | A peasant who was bound to the land but was not quite a slave. | |
| What was the name of the plague that struck Western Europe during the 14th century? | The Black Death | |
| Which two nations fought in the Hundred Years War? | England and France. France won. | |
| Who led France to victory but was burned at the stake by the English? | Joan of Arc | |
| When the Byzantine Empire pled to Western Europe for help against Muslim invaders, Western Europe responded with what? | The Crusades | |
| Who defeated the Spanish Armada? | Queen Elizabeth I of England | |
| True or False. The Holy Roman Empire was a strong, cohesive monarchy combining Germany and Italy. | False. The Holy Roman Empire was very weak and the individual German and Italian states eventually gained independence. | |
| The Thirty Years War was fought over what issue? | Religion | |
| Name the seven continents. | North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica | |
| The Pharaoh held the title “Lord of the Two Lands”. Which of the following statements best describes the activities associated with this title? | He collected taxes and made laws | |
| According to the geography maps in the British Museum, the archaeological sites of Giza, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, all had what in common? | All were found in “black land” | |
| In mummification, for what did the ancient Egyptians use canopic jars? | To hold internal organs. | |
| The ancient Egyptian pharaohs held both a political and religious title. What was the political title? | Lord of the Two Lands | |
| In the Great Pyramid complex, what was the purpose of the three smaller pyramids? | They were built for Khufu's wives. | |
| How long did the civilization of ancient Egypt last? | 3,000 years | |
| Members of this group are related to the some of the earliest inhabitants who came to the Indus Valley around 2000 BCE. | Dravidians | |
| In India, a | a closed social group into which people are divided | |
| India’s 1948 Constitution forbids: | the practice of untouchability | |
| Because of the relative peace, law and order, and extensive cultural achievements during this period, life in which empire has been described as a | Gupta Empire | |
| What two world religions developed in the Indian subcontinent? | Hinduism and Buddhism | |
| Upon which river were the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations founded? | Indus | |
| Who was Siddhartha Gautama? | Buddha | |
| Why did China’s dynastic leaders want to keep China isolated from the outside world? | They were concerned about the theft of resources like silkworms | |
| The earliest writing in China was discovered written on: | oracle bones | |
| How did the Ancient Chinese refer to their country? | The Middle Kingdom | |
| China’s earliest civilization developed along which river? | Huang He River | |
| During what dynasty did bronze working become common? | Shang | |
| Feudalism, the practice of kings sharing power with nobles in exchange for military or monetary payment, became popular during the _______ dynasty and eventually led to its downfall. | Chou | |
| What did a Chinese Emperor | Mandate of Heaven | |
| During which dynasty did the Golden Age of China begin? | Tang | |
| Democracy was successful in ancient Greece despite the fact that: | only men were allowed to vote | |
| The most famous Greek city-state was: | Athens | |
| What would winners of the Olympic Games receive as a prize? | Olive-leaf wreath | |
| Greek plays began as religious festivals honoring which god? | Dionysus, God of wine and fertility | |
| Democracy originated in: | Athens | |
| he Greek word democracy means.... | government by the people | |
| The Parthenon was built as a home for the goddess: | Athena | |
| Which group represented the wealthy landowners of Rome? | patricians | |
| What was Rome’s first type of government? | Republic | |
| What took place at the Coliseum? | Gladiator tournaments | |
| What religion began in the Roman province of Judea? | Christianity | |
| According to Roman tradition, who founded Rome? | Romulus and Remus | |
| Which Carthaginian General's army crossed the Alps to attack the Romans during the Punic Wars? | Hannibal | |
| What does 'Pax Romana' stand for? | Roman Peace | |
| Who did Caesar defeat to become dictator? | Pompey | |
| When Columbus arrived in 1492, the population of Mesoamerica exceeded 25 million. Within a century after his arrival the Native population declined by: Why? | 90%, because of warfare and European diseases. | |
| Which Mesoamerican group was the first to develop calendars? | Zapotec | |
| Six centuries ago Mayans were writing books. What was the attitude of the Spanish toward Mayan writing? | They burned most of the books because they believed them to be dangerous and subversive documents. | |
| What was the principal crop in Mesoamerica? | Maize | |
| The earliest urban center of the ancient Maya and model for Mesoamerican city-states was: | Teotihuaca | |
| What did Mayans sometimes use as a form of money? | Cacao beans | |
| In Ancient Japan, the emperor was: | A figurehead without real power | |
| Samurai were expected to live according to an ethical code that stressed: | loyalty to master | |
| Edo is the name for: | Tokyo | |
| Between 1603 and 1869, Japan enjoyed a period of peace, prosperity, and cultural renaissance under a series of Shoguns known as the: | Tokugawa Shogunate | |
| This leader of the Mongol Empire was originally named Temujin but rose to power and changed his name. He organized the Mongols into a powerful fighting force. | Genghis Khan | |
| The Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan is known for completing: | the Conquest of China | |
| Marco Polo visited China when he was 17 years old and met with ________________, the Mongol ruler who sent him on many official visits throughout China. Polo's journeys gave Europe an in depth view into a culture very different from their own. | Kublai Khan | |
| What was the original name of the book about Marco Polo's travels in China that had a great influence on Europe? | Description of the World | |
| Two major cities located on the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea became powerful trading centers in the Middle Ages and traded with the Mongol Empire. They were Genoa and ___________. | Venice | |
| What was the name of the Mongol warrior whose empire was known as “The Golden Horde?” | Batu | |
| What happened to Marco Polo when he returned home from China? | He was put in prison after fighting against Genoa. | |
| How did Kublai Khan treat people of other religions? | He was very tolerant of all religions. | |
| What did Marco Polo call China? | Cathay | |
| What was one reason why the Mongol Empire did not last long? | They had no unity of culture. | |
| When a boy reached the age of seven, he left home to begin training for knighthood. He was then called a __________. | page | |
| Which of the following statements about Joan of Arc is not true? | She said the Pope commanded her to free France | |
| According to this system, a lord gave vassals land in exchange for military and other services. | feudalism | |
| During the 4th century CE, the Roman Empire split into two parts, the East Roman Empire and the West Roman Empire. The West Roman Empire had its capital in Rome. The East Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, had its capital in _____________. | Constantinople | |
| What title did Pope Leo III bestow upon Charlemagne on December 25, 800 in recognition of his power? | Roman Emperor | |
| During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church: | became extremely powerful. | |
| In which French city was the papacy located during part of the 14th century? | Avignon | |
| What arose in towns as an association of business people with the same interests? | guilds | |
| Who conquered England at the Battle of Hastings in 1066? | William of Normandy | |
| Which document forcibly signed by King John was the first to limit the monarch's power in England? | Magna Carta | |
| What was the largest and wealthiest monarchy in Europe by the end of the 13th century? | France | |
| The German kings were unable to create a strong, central monarchy because they were preoccupied with controlling which country? | Italy | |
| Where did the Renaissance first develop? | Italy | |
| One of the most influential innovations in painting was the ability to show ________ in a picture. | perspective | |
| Why was the printing press such an important invention? | Its invention meant that books no longer had to be written by hand, lowering their cost, it that books became available to more people, and it inspired people to learn to read, ask questions, and explore. | |
| Which features enabled the Renaissance to develop in Italy? | central European location, network of roads, wealth from trade | |
| The differences between a medieval craftsman and a renaissance artist can be summarized as: | The most important significant changes dealt with materials. | |
| A humanist was most likely to study: | Grammar, philosophy, and ancient civilizations. | |
| simony | Selling of positions and offices within the church. | |
| indulgence | A freeing from the earthly punishments associated with sin that has been forgiven. | |
| heresy | To challenge, question or deny an established church teaching. | |
| What religious organization was the reformers of the Protestant Reformation protesting against? | Roman Catholicism | |
| He died 100 years before Luther was born. He is remembered for translating the bible from Latin into English. | John Wycliffe (1324 - 1384) | |
| A follower of John Wycliffe, Hus was burned at the stake, for among other things, espousing beliefs in allowing people to read the bible for themselves. | John Hus (1369 - 1415) | |
| This Swiss reformer believed people should be allowed to interpret the bible for themselves. | Ulrich Zwingli (1484 - 1531) | |
| This devout French reformer wrote the | John Calvin (1509 - 1564) | |
| What caused Henry VIII to break from the Roman Catholic Church and form the Church of England? | He wanted to divorce his first wife but the divorce was denied by the Pope | |
| Who crossed the Atlantic in the 11th century from Europe and briefly established settlements in modern day Canada? | The Norsemen or Vikings | |
| One of the greatest explorations of the world consisted of 62 ships and was led by which Admiral? | Cheng Ho | |
| What led to the encounter between Native Americans and travelers from Europe? | Sailors were searching for a short cut to Asia, and European nations hoped to break the spice monopoly of the Arab traders. | |
| Why is the 15th century a “turning point”? | It was the beginning of an exchange between the Old World of Europe and the New World of the Americas. It was the beginning of European political, economic and social dominance of the world. It was the beginning of the enslavement and diaspora of African people. | |
| After finding the South Sea, which Spanish explorer was convicted of treason and beheaded? | Balboa | |
| Columbus did not find Japan, but he did bring back | native people | |
| What was a part of the Columbian exchange? | People, Diseases, and Ideas | |
| Two powerful European nations divided the world into two halves or spheres of influence. The two nations were | Spain and Portugal. | |
| The original name of this pirate-turned-explorer’s ship was the Pelican. Who was he? | Drake | |
| This explorer sailed the greatest distance from his home port | Magellan | |
| Who eventually abolished the Holy Roman Empire for good? | Napoleon | |
| Which family dominated the position of Holy Roman Emperor for centuries? | Hapsburgs | |
| Maximilian I was able to establish the Hapsburg Dynasty as a European power. | True | |
| The Thirty Years War ended with the Treaty of Westphalia. | True | |
| The Thirty Years War resulted in independence for the German states. | True | |
| The Thirty Years War involved many European powers. | True | |
| Louis IV efforts to stop papal interference in German politics resulted in his being deposed by Pope Clement. | True | |
| The Holy Roman Empire was a unified nation-state with a strong absolute monarchy. | True |
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