jeff, goes from most recent notes to least because those are the notes I am least familar with, also registration is at 8:30am tommorrow
Popularity (by total correct streak): 59
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| First Farmers of the Americas | title | |
| Panama | 9k bc, carl sauer, humid tropical forests, dooryard horticulture, maze, manioc, sweet potatoe, swidden culture | |
| Maze | descendent of teosente, a wild grass, changover from teosente to maze to millennia, occurced in forrested areas of sw mexico and panama, result of selective pressures, diffused after 3k bc | |
| Guila naquitz | cave in oaxaca, 4.2k bc, sw | |
| Coxcatlan | Cave site in techuacan valley, evidence of maze cultivation, 10k bc h/g, 4.5k bc, maze, squash and beans, | |
| san macros | 3600 bc, cobs less than 2 in long, metates, large sedentary settlements, storage techonologies | |
| Andes Highlands | 2.5k bc, domesticated llama, alpaca, guinea pig, potato and quinoa | |
| Andes Peruvian Coast | 3k bc farming supplements anchovy fishing and gathering, cotton production begins 2.5k bc, skilled weavors | |
| Playa culebras | 1800 bc maize cultivation is in full swing, irrigation, increased social ranking | |
| American Southwest | Title | |
| Cochise culture | 8k bc, gathered food, sunflowers, yucca, cactus | |
| When does maize cross rio grande | 2k bc, hunting and gathering gives way to maize agriculture, diffusion of migration | |
| Hohokan culture | 500bc to 1500 ad, arizona, maize and beans, complex trade | |
| snaketown | hohokan, ballcourts, communal villages, irrigation | |
| casas grandes | hohokan town center, influence from mesoamerica 700 ad, turquoise, copper bells, macaw | |
| mogollon | 300bc to 1000ad, caves in NM, maize and beans, bat cave, red on brown pottery, pit dwellings, timer frames, merge into ancestral pueblo peoples | |
| Ancetral pueblo peoples | four corners region, 500-1300 ad, ancestors of modern pueblo indian tribes, hopi and suni, dendrochoronology | |
| chaco canyon | NM, sedentary village, large kiva (subterranean ceremonial court), black and white pottery, spiritual landscape in roads | |
| Anasazi | "enemies of our ancestors" | |
| Modern Pueblo | NW, UTah and colorado, ad 500 to present, kiva structures, chaco canyon great house | |
| Sun Dagger of Fajada Butte | 3 stones that serve as a seasonal calendar which becomes important for farmers and cultivators | |
| Vanishing anasazi | up and left chaco in 1150 ad, moved to southwestern colarado | |
| Ancestral Pueblo | mesa verde, cliff dwelling defensiv esettelemnt | |
| cannabalism in the american southwest | found evidence at some sites, start iwth the list of indicators | |
| 6 traits of cannibalism | intentional bone breakage, cut marks, missing vertebrae, anvil abrasions, pot polishing "burned bones" | |
| Eastern North America | title | |
| Archaic H/G's | seasonal camps, semi-permanent settlements (koster illinois), hunt, fish, harvesting, cycles | |
| small scale cultivation | 2.5k bc, supplement diet, response to lean growth, and pop growth | |
| Moundbuilders | poverty point cultures 2k-600 bc (Louisiana) | |
| Moundbuilers | adena cultures 500 bc to 400 ad (ohio valley) | |
| earthworks and mounds | elaborate burial mounds, group identity, terriotrial boundaries, connected to astronomical observations | |
| Hopewell | mounds, 1-400ad, thorughout the midwest, louisian to MI, kin based settlements, trade, speicalize craft production, copper and soapstone animal motif, mortuary camps, decline 400 ad | |
| Missipian | 450-1500ad, southeast, maize cultivation after 1k ad, diffused from southwest, maze fuels rise of large chieftens, chiefly war cult, evident in war related burial goods of chiefs, individualism | |
| fertiltiy cult | evident in platfrom burial mounds, communalism, ancestor cult, small statues depicting men and women in a kneeling postion, priests helped integrate communal and indvidual impleses | |
| Cahokia | Illinois 1k-1250ad, large sedentary center, cetner of mississipi culture, control radiated out far, extensive mound complex, chief burials, warfare, expanision cycles | |
| First Farmers in Europe | Title | |
| First Peoples in Europe | Late mesolithic h/g's showed some signs of sedentary lifestyles social ranking and intensive explotiation of food resources, especially fish the mesolithic peoples were adaptive | |
| Two theories of origin of farming | 6000 bc, 1) diffused from sw asia, evidence of lateness in farming in se europe, site dating, spread se to nw 2) independent development in se europe, evidence preadapted to farming | |
| Franchthi Cave, Greece | Einkorn wheat, barley, and lentils, domesticated cattle and sheep, relied still on h/g, transition, came from sw asia | |
| Bandkeramik cultures (5300bc) | danube river valley, (modern gremany to hooland) settled village, along the river with high pop density, ceramics with linear, einkorn and emmer wheat, barley and flax, cattle and sheep, intertribal led to the construction of defensive earthworks | |
| banderamid and the h/g frontier | h/gs pursed traditional subsistence stategies but eventually adopt neolithic subsistence str | |
| three phases of change | availability, substitution, consolidation | |
| banderamik burials | early phase, communal tombs, egaliatrianism, megaliths, later phase, individual grave reflects the rise of individual power and marks end of communual society | |
| Impact of the plow | 3600 bc, from sw asia, allows fewer people to work the land, cultivation of harder soils, reduces kinship ties, dispersed settlements, individual prestige and land inheritance | |
| Northwest Europe farming theory | 3500 bc, 1) farmers from sw asia replaced european h/gs 2)indepnedent developemnt | |
| Northwest farming | quick adoption, and subsistence strategy, early reflects communal | |
| Megaliths | large stones, communal burial tones made of large stones, which were subsequently covered with earth, boundary markers to identify territory, symbols of social and political continuity, annuanl rituatoinal | |
| Easton down and avebury | megalith site defines early farming | |
| First farmers of the asia and pacific | titile | |
| Rice | very important accoutns for a lot of shit | |
| wild rice | grew naturally, h/gs foraged, flooded fields for production, | |
| Early chinese farming cultures | below | |
| Yangzi river valley | south china, earliest evidence of rice cultivation is xianrendong and wangdon caves, h/gs supplemented diet with small scale, phytoliths (small plant remains), bone hoes, cord decorated cermaic pots, burials becme more elaborate of time b/c of surplus and wealth | |
| Huang ho river | empahsis on millet cultivation rather than rice, first clear evidence of millte cultivation begins 9k bc, and rice 6.5k bc | |
| longshan culture | 3k bc, eastern plains of northern china, buried dead face down, black burnished pottery, some rice cultivation, longshan village, defensive earth works, concentrated design | |
| First farmers of southeast asia | title | |
| Khok phanom di | thailand, h/gs 2k-1.4k bc, probably imported some domesticated grains, | |
| Princess of khok phanom di | woman in her mid 30's buried under clay pots, skeletal evidence suggest potter, grave goods include burinshed polishing pebbles at here feet, high social status, evidence includes, orante shell covered garment, daughter | |
| First farmers of south pacific | title | |
| melanesia | some islands settle 35k bc, completely settled in 1k bc, | |
| lapita culture | melanesia, 1.6k bc, taro yam farming, double hulled sialing, stamped and shell impresed pottery, obsidian traders reflecting copmlex exhange netowrks | |
| Micronesia and Polynesia | settled over the last 3k years, migrants from melanesia, required long distance travel, canoes | |
| hawaii | settled 600 ad | |
| taro yam agricutlure | breadfruit and bananas, maybe reached south america | |
| How was polynesia settled | accidental but unure | |
| tapai | a tahitian navigator, naviagition by stars, cloud formations, sea birds, and mental magps | |
| Ploynesia political systmes | ruled by chiefs and nobles, warfare between some islands, wealth based on food supplies, momumnets, statues of easter islands | |
| easter island | statues, reverence to ancestors, perhaps obundary markers, group identiity, reliogus symbols | |
| new zealand | maori, 1200 ad form polynesia, warfare coincides with agriculture, cannablisim |
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