Logic

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Cards

What is classification? Process of sorting things into categories  
Rule one (of 2) of classification consistent principle- mutually exclusive, jointly exhaustive (revised)
Rule two (of 2) of classification essential attribute (revised)
first function (of 3) of definition clarify boundaries of concept (revised)
second funtion (of 3) of definition clarify relationships among concepts (revised)
third function (of 3) of definition provide summary statement about referents of concept (revised)
rule 1 (6) of definition includes genus, differentia (revised)
rule 2 (6) of definition not too broad or narrow (revised)
rule 3 (6) of definition state essential attributes of concept's referents (revised)
rule 4 (6) of definition not circular (revised)
rule 5 (6) of definition not too negative (revised)
rule 6 (6) of definition not too vague, obscure, metaphorical (revised)
what is a proposition? a delcarative statement or assertion either true or false; includes subject, predicate  
what is a fallacy? argument so weak premises dont support conlusion at all  
four categories of fallacies relevance, subjective, credibility, logical structure  
disjunctive syllogism deductive argument denying all but one disjuncts and conclusion affirming remaining disjunct (either/or)  
hypothetical syllogism if p(antecedent) then q(consequent); not asserting truth  
three rules for generalizing numerous, various; disconfirming, confirming; plausible  
importance for apologetics? Van Til used often, square of opposition; learning to think logically, undertand arguments of others  
for preaching clear, truthful, reasonable; people to follow us; arguments; be exact, precise;  
three ways to know things experience, testimony, reasoning  
indicator words- premise since, because, as, for, given that, assuming that, in asmuch as, the reason is that, in view of the fact, on the basis of, given that  
indicator words- conclusion therefore, thus, so, consequently, so, consequently, as a result of, it follows that, hence, which means that, which implies that, this suggests, ergo  
argument basic unit of reasoning; series of premises; propositions lead to conclusion;  
difference: argument, explantion argument- that; explantion- why  
implicit premise premise for argument assumed not stated explicitly  
3 rules to ID assumed premise close gap, informative, not overcommit  
why diagram arguments? to understand premises and conclusions  
deductive logic implications from knowledge we have; draws out implications (validity)  
determine good argument by strength  
distribution property of term in categorical proposition; assertion about all members of class  
syllogism 3 standard form sentences; two premises and third is conclusion; (s,p,m)  
genus and species genus is broad, more abstract and embraces the narrow; referents/ species more narrow, concrete  
concrete and abstract higher, more similar, abstract; lower, more different, conrete  
categorial syllogism 2 categorical propositions (maj/ min) and cat conclusion  
inductive beyond info in premises; validity doesnt apply, but LOGICAL STRENGTH;  

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