Williams' Hebrew Grammar paragraphs 106-156
Popularity (by total correct streak): 43
Popularity (by number of users): 1
| But (you) (ואתה) must master it | Independent personal pronoun as the subject of a finite verb (clarify subject, for contrast, indicate emotion, or for emphasis) | |
| Bless (me), even (me) also! (ברכני גם אני); If only (I) (myself) had died! (מי יתן מותי אני) | Independent personal pronoun in apposition to a pronominal suffix in genitive or accusative functions | |
| Moreover, (as for me), far be it from (me)! | Independent personal pronoun as a nominative absolute (there is often a pronominal suffix in the sentence that has the same referent as the nominative absolute) | |
| (I) am commanding you today (אנכי מצוך היום) ( | Independent personal pronoun as the subject of a participle (usually functions for clarity rather than for emphasis) | |
| (You) are a stiff-necked people (no verb) | Independent personal pronoun as the subject of a verbless clause (clarity rather than emphasis) | |
| (your) eating (אכלכם), when (they) were created (בהבראם), that (I) should not cross (לבלתי עברי) | Suffixed personal pronoun as subject (subject of an infinitive) | |
| He put (him)…to cultivate (it) and to guard (it) ( לעבדה ולשמרהוינחהו) | Suffixed personal pronoun as object | |
| (my) covenant (בריתי), (our) king (מלכנו) | Suffixed personal pronoun as possessive | |
| The one of whom I say to you, “(This one) shall go with you,” (that one) will go with you | Forward vs. backward reference of a demonstrative (this and that refer to the same person) | |
| (This) is the day, (These) are the names of Esau’s sons, (That) is the Salt Sea (all verbless clauses) | Demonstrative as the subject of a verbless clause | |
| The land of Egypt (is) (literally “it”) before you, I (am) (literally “he”) the one speaking, You (are) (literally “he”) God | Demonstrative as copula (is, am, are) – remember, demonstratives can be third person independent personal pronouns | |
| And (the one) called out to (the other) (literally, “and called out this to this”), (some) on (this side) and (others) on (that side) (literally, “these from this and these from this”) | Contrastive use of a repeated demonstrative | |
| (these) words (הכברים האלה) | Demonstrative adjective (demonstrative used as an attributive adjective) | |
| (this) matter of ours (literally “our matter this”) | Demonstrative pronoun in attributive apposition (different from a demonstrative adjective because the noun is definite but the demonstrative is not) | |
| I will feel whether you are (really) (demonstrative: זה) my son Esau or not, Now I (really) know that you are a man of God, By now (indeed) we could have returned twice | Demonstrative as an emphatic particle (really, indeed) | |
| (Who) told you?, (Who) brought you here? | מי as an interrogative pronoun (who?) | |
| (Whoever) is for YHWH, come to me! (literally, “who? for YHWH to me”), (whoever) is afraid and trembling (literally, “who? afraid and trembling”) | מי as an indefinite pronoun (whoever) – does not indicate a question, refers to 1+ unspecified people | |
| (If only) I were appointed judge in the land (מי + ישמני), (Would that) we had died! (מי + יתן) | Desiderative or optative use of מי (if only) | |
| (How) can Jacob stand? (מי) | מי as an interrogative adverb (how?) – only in Amos 7:2,5 | |
| (What) did you do?, (What) profit is there if we kill our brother? | מה as an interrogative impersonal pronoun (what?) – in the sense of “what thing?” | |
| and (whatever) thing he shows me, and (whatever) I see, I will tell you | מה as an interrogative pronoun (whatever) – does not ask a question | |
| (How) (מה) can I set this before a hundred men?, (Why) (מה) should I wait for YHWH any longer? | מה as an interrogative adverb (how? why?) | |
| (How!) (מה) awesome this place is!, (How!) (מה) beautiful are your tents! | מה as an exclamation (how!) | |
| !, If I speak, my pain is not spared, and if I am silent, (it) (מה) will (not) leave me? | מה in rhetorical questions that expect a negative answer (negative answer respectively: "no inheritance", "not spared" | |
| the people (whom) (זו) you redeemed, my testimonies (which) (זו) I will teach them, Leviathan (whom) (זה) you formed | The relative pronoun זו (who, which, that) | |
| as the sand (that) (שֶׁ+על) is (on) the seashore (literally, "as the sand that on the edge of the sea"), all the works (that) (שֶׁ+נעשׁו) have been done | The relative particle –שֶׁ (who, which, that) | |
| his work, (which) (אֲשֶׁר) he had done | The relative particle אֲשֶׁר (who, which, that) | |
| You swore to them by (yourself) (בָּך), Is it me that they provoke?...Is it not (themselves)?, The Lord YHWH has sworn by (himself) (בְּנפשׁו) | Reflexive pronoun (-self) - Hebrew lacks a dedicated reflexive pronoun | |
| They both had a dream, (each) (אִישׁ) his own dream...(each) (אִישׁ) dream with its own meaning, All the peoples walk, (each) (אִישׁ) in the name of his god | Distributive pronoun (each) - Hebrew lacks a distributive pronoun | |
| he is heavy, his is small, he is ashamed | Stative Qal - expresses a state or condition | |
| he goes, he gives, he puts | Fientive Qal (expresses an action) | |
| he guards himself, he hides himself, he turns himself over | Reflexive Niphal - subject acts upon itself | |
| he asks for himself, he achieves glory for himself | Middle Niphal - subject acts for its own benefit | |
| they fought with each other, let us go to law with one another, let us fight with one another | Reciprocal Niphal (expresses an action where multiple subjects act upon each other | |
| he let himself be consulted, to let oneself be instructed | Tolerative Niphal - subject allows itself to be acted upon | |
| he is born (active: she gave birth to), he was honoured (active: he honours), he was exterminated (active: he exterminated) | Passive Niphal | |
| he glorified (כּבֵּד), he filled (מּלֵא), he was glorified (כֻּבַּד) | Factitive Piel and Pual - D.O./subject caused to enter a state | |
| he taught (לִמֵּד), he was taught (לָמַד) | Causative Piel and Pual - D.O./subject caused to do an action | |
| he smashed repeatedly (שִׁבֵּד), he searched repeatedly (בִּקֵּד), he walked around (הִלֵּך), he buried many things (שִׁאֵלו) | Iterative Piel and Pual - an activity that is done multiple time or to multiple objects | |
| he uprooted/he was uprooted, he acted as a priest, he did three times/it was threefold | Denominative Piel and Pual - when a verb is derived (etymologically) from a noun | |
| he pronounced someone to be happy/he was pronounced happy, he pronounced someone to be innocent, he pronounced someone to be in the right | Delocutive Piel and Pual - causing the state by something you say (subset of factitive) | |
| he cleared of stones, he purified from sin | Privative Piel and Pual - refers to removing something | |
| he brought out (הוצִיא), he fed you (וַיַּאֲכִלְךָ), she was brought out (מוּצֵאת), it will be shown (וְהָרְאָה) | Causative Hiphil and Hophal - subject causes D.O. or itself to do the action described | |
| he justified (i.e. he caused someone to say to someone, 'you are in the right') (הִצְדִּיך) | Delocutive Hiphil - causing the state by someone saying it | |
| he caused someone to become weary (הֶלְאָה), he caused something to be deep, he caused it to be high | Factitive Hiphil and Hophal - cause to enter a state, extremely rare | |
| it grows old (יַזְקִין), it dried up (הובִישׁ), they act craftily, he acted wickedly | Intransitive Hiphil - does not take a D.O., describes its subject as exhibiting a state or quality | |
| he will take root, having horns, you will slander (תַּלְשֵׁן) | Denominative Hiphil and Hophal - derived (etymologically) from a noun | |
| they have been hiding themselves, we walked about, let them consecrate themselves | Reflexive-iterative Hithpael - subject acts on itself repeatedly | |
| you are looking at one another | Reciprocal-iterative Hithpael - subjects act upon one other repeatedly | |
| he will magnify/aggrandize himself | Reflexive-factitive Hithpael - subject causes itself to enter a state | |
| you will regard yourself as a prince, he pretended to be sick, he acted as a prophet | Reflexive-estimative Hithpael - subject regards or presents itself as being in a state | |
| my opponent at law | Reciprocal Poel - subjects act upon one another |
Quisition is a browser-based flashcard system that repeats old cards and introduces new ones at optimal time intervals. You can create your own card packs or use those developed by others.
