Williams' Hebrew Grammar paragraphs 192-237
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| For the man (to be) (הֱיוֹת) alone is not good, if (serving) (לַעֲבֹד) YHWH is evil in your sight | Infinitive construct as subject (may be a subject of a clause. preposition לְ is sometimes prefixed to it) | |
| I do not know how (to go out) (צֵאת) or (come in) (וָבֹא), I did not allow you (to touch) (לִנְגֹּעַ) her, I know...(your raging) (הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ) against me | Infinitive construct as object (may be the direct object of a verb. may be preceded by the accusative particle אֵת or the preposition לְ) | |
| The people are sinning against YHWH (by eating [meat]) (לֶאֱכֹל) with the blood, David asked YHWH, (saying) (לֵאמֹר), "Should I pursue?" | Explanatory use of the infinitive construct (by...ing) (with prefixed לְ or preceded by לְבִלְתִּי for negative uses, can follow a verb, spelling out in more detail what it means) | |
| What (should be done) (לַעֲשׁוֹת) for you?, Hush! For the name of YHWH (should not be mentioned) (לֹא לְהַזְכִּיר) | Infinitive construct of obligation (should be...ed) (prefixed לְ can indicate something that should or must be done and לְ / אַיִן can express should/must not be done) | |
| You do what is evil in the eyes of YHWH your God, (thus angering him) (לְהַכְעִיסוֹ), (thus polluting) (לְמַאַן חַלֵּל) my holy name | Infinitive construct of result (thus...ing/so as to...) (indicates the consequence/result of something. typically preceded by לְ but לְמַאַן is also used) | |
| Hezekiah was sic (enough to die) (לָמוּת), And YHWH was very angry at Aaron - (angry enough to destroy him) (לְהַשְׁמִידוֹ) | Infinitive construct of degree (enough...to) (can be used with לְ to indicate that something is sufficient to cause the infinitive construct to happen) | |
| (To show partiality) (הַכֵּר) in judgment is not good | Infinitive absolute as the subject of a clause (particularly in poetry) | |
| He will not allow me (to draw my breath) (הָשֵׁב), Learn (to do good!) (הֵיטֵב) | Infinitive absolute as the object of a verb (particularly in poetry) | |
| Pursue them (quickly)! (מַהֵר - literally "to hurry"), You will inquire (thoroughly) (הֵיטֵב - literally "to cause to go well") | Infinitive absolute as adverb of manner (can describe the style or manner with which the verb takes place) | |
| You will (surely) die, He will (surely) come out to me, Kill me (immediately)!, But he did not dispossess him (completely), You (surely) will not die | Infinitive absolute to emphasize a verb of the same root/Intensifying Infinitive | |
| They went (along) (הָלֹךְ), lowing as they went, The tumult went (on) (הָלוֹךְ) and increased, And he (kept on) (הָלוֹךְ) coming nearer | Infinitive absolute to express continuous action or repetition (follows a finite verb, may indicate that the finite verb/infinitive absolute occurs continually or repeatedly) | |
| a man who wanders off from the way of (understanding) (הַשְׁכֵּל), I will sweep it with the broom of (extermination) (הַשְׁמֵד) | Infinitive absolute after a word in the construct state (acts as a genitive, rare and disputed) | |
| And the angel of YHWH did not (appear) (לְהֵרָאֹד) again, Hannah rose...(after drinking) (שָׁתֹה) | Infinitive absolute after a preposition (very rare and disputed) | |
| All the congregation (will stone) (רָגוֹם) him with stones, (They will eat) (אָכֹל) and (they will have some left over) (וְהוֹתֵר) | Infinitive absolute as an imperfect verb | |
| (They smashed) (וְנָפוֹץ) the jars, (I chose) (בָחֹר) him from all of the tribes of Israel | Infinitive absolute as a perfect verb | |
| (Go) (הָלוֹךְ) and wash seven times!, Cry out, O city! (Melt) (נָמוֹג), O Philistia! | Infinitive absolute as an imperative verb (giving a command in the second person) | |
| The sons of Aaron (shall present) (הַכְרֵב) it, (Let) a bear robbed of her cubs (meet) (פָּגוֹשׁ) a man rather than a fool in his folly [meet him] | Infinitive absolute as a jussive verb (giving a command in the third person) | |
| I am (seeking) (מְבַקֵּשׁ) my brothers, And the boy was (serving) (הָיָה מְשָׁרֵת) YHWH | Participle as a repeated or continuous predicate (past time = הָיָה in perfect + ptcp, future time = הָיָה in imperfect + ptcp) | |
| I (am about to bring) (הִנְנִי מֵבִיא) the flood, You (are about to die) (הִנְּךָ מֵת) | Participle for an imminent action (can be when standing alone, but more likely when it is with הִנְנִי) | |
| YHWH you God is a (consuming) fire (אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה) | Participle as an attributive adjective (follows what it modifies and usually exhibits concord with it) | |
| But Abraham (was) still (standing) (עֹמֵד) before YHWH | Participle as a predicate adjective (says something about the substantive, which means it acts like a verb. usually has the same gender and number as the subject, but without the article) | |
| From the rising of the sun to its setting, the name of YHWH (is to be praised) (מְהֻלָּל), because YHWH Most High (is to be feared) (נוֹרָא) | Participle indicating what should (gerundive) or may be (admissive) done (usually in the Niphal or Pual stem) | |
| YHWH, (who had appeared) (הַנִּרְאֶה) to him, It was sacrificed on the altar (which had been built) (הַבָּנוּי) | Participle as a relative clause (often has the article) | |
| Your spirit is sullen such that you are not (eating) (אֹכֵל) food, The two angels came as Lot was (sitting) (יֹשֵׁב) in the gate of Sodom | Participle in a circumstantial clause | |
| They were (brining) the vessel (as) she (poured) (מַגִּשִׁים), She was (riding) (רֹכֶבֶת) on her donkey (and coming down) in the hidden part of the mountain | Participle to indicate simultaneous action | |
| a plant (bearing seed) according to its kind and a tree (bearing) (מַזְרִיעַ) fruit, YHWH your God is a (consuming) (אֹכְלָה) fire | Attributive participle for a repeated or continuous action (acts like an attributive adjective) | |
| if (anyone) falls (יִפֹּל הַנֹּפֵל) from it, (anyone) (וְשָׁמַע הַשֹּׁמֵעַ) who hears will say | Participle to indicate an indefinite subject (applies to anyone, often preceded by a finite verb of the same root) | |
| (He lay down again) (וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁכָּב), (She quickly lowered) (וַתְּמַהֵר וַתֹּרֶד) her jaw | Coordination/Hendiadys of two finite verbs connected by the conjunction waw (שׁוּב - he returned = again; יָסַף - he added = again; שָׁכַם - to rise early = early/eagerly; מָהַר - to hurry = quickly) | |
| (They quickly forgot) (מִהֲרוּ שָׁכְחוּ) his works, He said, "I did not call. (Lie down again.) (שׁוּב שְׁכָב)" | Coordination/Hendiadys of two finite verbs without a waw to connect them (most with imperatives or in poetry) | |
| Why did you run away secretly (לָמָּה נַחְבֵּאתָ לִבְרֹחַ)?, You have made a difficult request (הִקְשִׁית לִשְׁאוֹל), Why have you come quickly today? (מַדּוּעַ מִהַרְתֶּן בּאֹ הַיּוּם) | Coordination/Hendiadys of a finite verb with an infinitive construct (finite verb usually first, infinitive construct usually has a לְ) | |
| A [deep sleep] (fell on) Abram (וְתַרְדֵּמָה נָפְלָה עַל אַבְרָם), [Unleavened bread] (will be eaten) (מַצּוֹת יֵאָכֵל) | Concord when subject precedes verb (the verb usually has the same gender and number as its subject) | |
| (Let there be) [lights] in the expanse of the heavens...and let them be for signs (יְהִי מְאֹרֹת), [The leaders] of Succoth (said) (וַיֹּאמֶר שָׁרֵי) | Third-person masculine singular verb before subject (verb precedes the subject, the verb is often 3ms even when the subject is feminine and/or plural) | |
| [All of the people] (answered) and (said), "That is a good idea." (...וַיַּעַן כָּל הָעָם וַיֹּאמְרוּ), [The Arameans] (fled) (וַיָּנֻסוּ אֲרָם) | A collective singular subject often takes a plural verb (the verb agrees with the sense of the subject [plural] rather than with the morphology of the subject) | |
| [Rachel and Leah] (answered) and (said) to him (וַתַּעַן רָחֵל וְלֵאָה וַתֹּאמַרְנָה לוֹ), [He and Samuel] (went) and (dwelt) in Naioth (וַיֵּלֶךְ הוּ וּשְׁמוּאֵל וַיֵּשְׁבוּ בְּנָיוֹת) | Singular verb before, and plural verb after a compound subject (consists of two or more subjects, usually joined by וְ, verb before compound subject is usually singular, and verb after is usually plural) | |
| [Your hands] (will be strong) (תֶּחֱזַקְנָה יָדֶיךָ) | A dual subject normally takes a plural verb | |
| if [his master] (gives) (אֲדֹנָיו יִתֶּן) him a wife, [God] (created) (בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים) | A subject in the plural of respect normally takes a singular verb | |
| [Your youth] (נְעוּרָיְכִי) (will be renewed) (תִּתְהַדֵּשׁ) like the eagle | An abstract plural subject may take a singular verb | |
| as (you have done) (כַּאֲשֶׁר עֲשִׁיתֶם), (Hear) (שִׁמְעוּ) this, [O cows] (פָּרוֹת) of Bashan | Second-person feminine plural subject with a masculine verb (2fp verbs are rare, so 2mp verbs are often used) | |
| [The] seven empty [ears of grain] (הַשִׁבֳּלִים)...(will be) (יִהְיוּ) seven years of famine, if [the daughters] (בְנוֹת) of Shiloh (come out) (יֵצְאוּ) | Third-person feminine plural subject with a masculine imperfect (3fp imperfect verbs are rare) | |
| (As) they (entered) (בָּאוּ) Zuph, Saul (said) (אָמַר) to his servant, (As) he (entered) (בָּאוּ) Lehi, the Philistines (came shouting) (הֵרִיעוּ) to meet him | Synchronism of two perfect verbs (two perfect verbs, subject of each verb before its verb, subject of first verb lacks conjunction וְ) | |
| As they (were entering) (בָּאִים) the city, behold, Samuel (was coming out) (יֹצֵא), As Elisha (saw) (רֹאֶה) it, he (cried out) (מְצַעֵק) | Synchronism of two participles (two participles, subject of each verb before its verb, subject of first verb lacks conjunction וְ) | |
| As they were (going up) (עֹלִים) the ascent to the city, they (found) (מָצְאוּ) young women, as they were (going down) (יוֹרְדִים) to the edge of the city, Samuel (said) (אָמַר) | Synchronism of a participle and a perfect verb (perfect verb and participle, subject of each verb before its verb, subject of first verb lacks conjunction וְ) |
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