Piano
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Popularity (by number of users): 1
| CPE Bach sonata development | Foundation of fast-slow-fast, allegro-tempo di menuetto-rondo form. Melodic charm, expressive power, lightness of touch, bold harmonies. | |
| Haydn sonata development | Contains elements of CPE (empfindsam, sturm und drang, etc.). Larger scope in size + expressiveness. Sense of humor. | |
| Mozart sonata development | Melodicism and nuance. More refined articul/ortament-ation. Development sections introduce new material or develop things other than the main theme. Rondo movements are expanded. | |
| Beethoven sonata development | Used elements founded by CPE, Haydn, and Mozart. Dynamic contrasts, rhythmic drive, and use of motives. | |
| Beethoven characteristics not found in Mozart/Haydn | Greater heights of innovation, experimentation, and expression. Greater use of pedal. Bebung effect. Daring harmonic schemes and profundity. | |
| Topics 1-7 | Alla turca; ombra; Tempesta/fantasia; Sturm und drang; Empfindsamer stil; Dances, Opera buffa/opera seria | |
| Topics 8-13 | Brilliant style; Orchestral tutti; Pastoral; Military/battle; Fanfare; Hunting | |
| Empfindsamer stil | "sensitive style"- expression of deep emotions | |
| Sturm und drang | "storm and stress"- minor key, unpredicable changes in tempo/dynamics. Drama | |
| Age of Reason | Ancient greco and roman ideals- symmetry, balance, clarity. Homophonic textures, simple melodies. | |
| Characteristics of Classical Period | 4-bar phrases, more pronounced articulation/dynamics/mood indications. Size + scope of sonata increases. 3-movement fast-slow-fast. 1- sonata allegro / 2-slower ABA / 3 rondo or sonata allegro |
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