SPS Final
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| What is the reference value for dBu? | .775 volts | |
| What is the reference value for dBW? | 1 watt | |
| What is the reference value for dBV? | 1 volt | |
| What is the reference value for dBm? | 1 milliwatt | |
| What is the reference value for dBSPL? | .00002 Pascals | |
| What is the Ohm's law symbol for current? | I-Beam trolley, I-Beam clamp | |
| What is the Ohm's law symbol for Voltage? | V/E | |
| What is the Ohm's law symbol for Resistance? | R | |
| What is the Ohm's law symbol for Power? | V/W | |
| In a single phase power system, how many conductors are there and what are their color codes? | 4 ground-green, neutral, white, hot black, hot red | |
| In a three phase Y power system, how many conductors are their and what are their color codes? | 5 ground-green, neutral-white, phase one- black, phase two-red, phase 3-blue | |
| In a 3 phase Y power system, each hot leg is ___________ degrees out of phase with the other hot legs. | 120 | |
| What is the name of the industry standard connector used to tie your power distribution rack into a venue's disconnect? | camlocks | |
| What is the tie in sequence when connecting camlocks to your distro? | ground, neutral, hot, hot, hot | |
| What are the two types of over current protection devices are used in audio equipment? | fuse, circuit breaker | |
| Once power is safely tied in you are ready to start doing what? | metering voltages | |
| On a 3 phase Y power system, voltage between a hot leg and ground should be? | 120V | |
| On a 3 phase Y power system, voltage between two hot legs should be? | 208V | |
| What is the disconnect sequence when unhooking your power distro at the end of a show? | hot, hot, hot, neutral, ground | |
| Name two graphs commonly seen in specification sheets? | polar pattern, frequency response | |
| In order to maintain proper voltage transfer between pieces of equipment, your input impedance must be at least 10 times_________ that your output impedance. | greater | |
| Define audio distortion. | anything that alters a pure input signal | |
| Define musical dynamic range. | the difference between the loudest and quietest passage of music in a composition | |
| Define electronic dynamic range. | difference between the max output level before clipping and noise floor | |
| Most amplifiers operate in two modes, what are they? | dual channel and Bridged mode | |
| Name three types of internal wiring for drivers in a speaker cabinet | Parallel, Series, Series-Parallel | |
| What are audio horns used for? | control audio high dispersion | |
| Name the 5 most typical polar patterns for all microphones. | cardiod, hypercardiod, supercardiod, omni-directional, bi-directional | |
| When using a cardiod microphone, your monitor wedge should be oriented where in relation to the mic? | 180 degrees off axis | |
| Name 4 functional uses for different microphones. | hand held, stand mounted, parabolic, lavalier | |
| Define the term transient response | mics ability to react quickly to changes in air pressure | |
| Define the term proximity effect. | increase in bass response as a mic is moved closer to the source. | |
| many vocal microphones have a rise in their high frequency response. why? | vocal clarity | |
| Name 2 companies the manufacture touring splitter systems | Ramtech, whirlwind | |
| How many times can an analog splitter system split your input signal before causing signal degradation and impedance problems? | 3 | |
| Name 4 types of audio signal splitting | Parallel(direct), Digital, Active, and transformer isolated | |
| Name the four major components of an analog splitter system | Main Splitter rack, multi pin cables, subsnake, multipin-XLR fanouts | |
| Name 3 companies that manufacture multipin connectors | EDAC, Whirlwind, Ramtech | |
| On a touring splitter system, the console that is to provide phantom power to the microphones must be connected to which split? | parallel(direct) | |
| What types of digital splitter is used at FSL1? | whirlwind E-Snake | |
| What is the name of the underlying network technology that allows the digital splitter at FSL1 to operate effectively? | cobranet | |
| Name the two splitter related items often used in permanent install facilities? | wall plate, floor pocket | |
| Name 4 audio console manufacturers. | Midas, yamaha, soundcraft, alan and heath | |
| What does the term console frame refer to? | the number of input channels | |
| Name two things you could use a direct output for. | fx sends, multitrack recording | |
| How many eq filters do most professional consoles have on each channel? | 5 | |
| True or False? Aux sends take copies of input channels and matrix sends take copies of output busses. | true | |
| True or False? Aux sends can be pre or post the stereo buss fader. | false aux sends can be pre or post the input channel | |
| Define the term audio subgroup. | post fader unity gain send | |
| Define the term aux send. | pre/post fader aux send | |
| True/False? Matrix sends can be set to pre or post fader. | true | |
| Name three practical uses for the Matrix | Delay stacks, ALD mixes, recording feeds | |
| What does LCR stand for? | Left, center, right | |
| What does a mute group do? | Mutes multiple channels with one button | |
| Most digital consoles have their inputs and outputs in external racks called the? | FOH and Stage Racks | |
| Define term soft patching. | ability to assign any XLR input to any fader on the console | |
| Define the term virtual sound check? | sound check with a multitrack recording instead of a band | |
| Name three ways that you can store the settings on a digital console(types of media). | USB Key, Compact Flash Card, Internal Hardrive | |
| Name two features that we are going to see coming out on future digital consoles. | amplifier monitoring from the console, system processors on board | |
| What does dBFS stand for? | decibel full scale | |
| What does the fader flip function allow an engineer to do? | mix monitors from the faders | |
| Name three things you can do with a user defined key? | tap tempo, GEQ recall, page changes | |
| Name the five parameters of a compressor | threshold, ratio, attack, release/decay, output gain. | |
| What two signals does a compressor graph compare? | input and output level | |
| Where in the signal flow chain are limiters used most often in sound reinforcement? | bandpass outputs of the crossover. | |
| What are the five parameters of a gate? | threshold, ratio, attack, hold, release | |
| What does the range or depth control do on a gate? | sets the amount of attenuation when the gate is closed | |
| Define the term RT60. | amount of time it takes for a signal to decay by 60 dB once the signal has stopped | |
| Name the 4 primary ways to create artificial reverberation. | Plate reverb, digital reverb, reverb chamber, spring reverb | |
| Name 5 types of EQ filters found on audio consoles and system processors | high pass(low cut), Low pass(high cut), shelving, parametric, graphic | |
| What is the one user definable parameter on a high pass filter? | frequency | |
| 1st order harmonic is? | 6 dB | |
| 2nd order harmonic is? | 12 dB | |
| 3rd order harmonic is? | 18 dB | |
| 4th order harmonic is? | 24dB | |
| What are the two user definable parameters of a shelving filter? | frequency and gain | |
| What are the three user definable parameters of a shelving filter? | center frequency, level, bandwidth | |
| Define the term octave. | halving or doubling of a frequency | |
| Octaves are perceived by our ears as having equal_______ | pitch | |
| Graphic EQ filters have a fixed bandwidth of ________of an octave. | 1/3 | |
| What are the tree primary shapes of crossover filters? | Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Butterworth | |
| If I am using a stereo 4-way system, how many inputs and outputs does my crossover need to have? | 2 inputs and 8 outputs | |
| Rigging is the process of _______ | hanging a point | |
| Name the 5 primary tools a rigger uses to hang a point. | sling, shackles, burlap bags, rings, fall protection | |
| Why do riggers carry so much rope around? | used to pull rigging equipment to working height | |
| What are burlap bags used for when rigging a point? | used to cut down friction between the I-Beams and the Sling | |
| Who mandates that riggers wear fall protection systems when working above a height of 6ft? | OSHA | |
| _________are the most common types of load bearing support in arenas | I-Beams | |
| What are the three most common types of hitches used to hang a rigging point from an I-Beam? | Basket, direct, choker | |
| What is a center cluster typically used for? | add extra sound reinforcement for a primary vocalist or soloist | |
| Line array cabinets are controlled in zones of _____ boxes each. | 4 | |
| What device could be used to connect two NL-4s or NL-8s together? | NL-4/8 barrel | |
| If I wire to 8 Ohm drivers in Parallel, what is the load? | 4 ohms | |
| If i wire to 8 ohm drivers in series what is the load? | 16 ohms | |
| If I wire four 8 ohm drivers in series-parallel what is the load? | 8 ohms | |
| Name the three categories of video production outlined in class. | Live, Live on tape, Tape for post. | |
| What does IMAG stand for and provide an example. | Image magnification, corporate shows. | |
| What does NTSC stand for? | National Television Systems Committee | |
| What is the resolution and frame rate for NTSC color video? | 525 lines and 29.97 frames per second | |
| With regards to the television signal, what does luminance refer to? | brightness | |
| With regards to the television signal, what does chrominance refer to? | color | |
| What does CCD stand for? | charged couple device | |
| What does a CCD do? | changes light energy into electrical energy | |
| Name the three principal parts of a video camera. | lens, camera body, view finder | |
| Name the four primary types of transitions in video. | key, cut, wipe, dissolve | |
| What specialized video monitor displays chrominance information along with the Sub Carrier? | Vectorscope monitor | |
| What specialized video monitor displays the luminance and horizontal sync information contained in the video signal? | waveform monitor | |
| Name 5 items you would find in audio engineer's toolkit. | adapter kit, SPL meter, soldering iron, DMM/Voltmeter, cable tester | |
| Why don't we use very fast attack times on drum compression? | want the initial impulse to pass through the compressor | |
| Why do you want all of your FX returns to be assigned to a VCA or mute group? | so you can mute them between songs | |
| Name 2 benefits of driving your subwoofer off of an aux. | overall level control, choose what goes to the subs | |
| Define the term power lock as it refers to wireless mics and IEMs. | software lockout of the power switch | |
| True or False? you should always put your cue wedge on a road case as close to your ear as possible. | false | |
| True or False? there is little to no potential for feedback when your artists are using IEMs. | true |
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