Diencephalon & Cerebrum

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What is the thalamus and its major functions? Makes up 80% of the diencephalon, integration and relay of sensory information, EXCEPT OLFACTION, Integration and relay of motor control from cerebellum and basal ganglia to motor cortex, gating of sensory & motor info, transmit states of consciousness from brainstem to cortex  
Thalamic nuclei: Ventral Posterior Nucleus Somatotopically organized  
Thalamic nuclei: Ventral Posteriormedial (VPM) Receives sensory input from face and head  
Thalamic nuclei: Ventral Posteriorlateral (VPL) Receives sensory/tactile input from the body, lesions result in contralateral hemianesthesia specific to the area from which the nuclei was receiving input  
Thalamic nuclei: Ventral Anterior Neuclei Integration and relay nuclei for motor control, receive info from basal ganglia  
Thalamic nuclei: Ventral Lateral Nuclei Integration and relay nuclei for motor control, receive info from basal ganglia  
Thalamic nuclei: Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Integration and relay of visual info  
Thalamic nuclei: Medial Geniculate Nucleus Integration and relay of auditory info  
Thalamic nuclei: Lateral Dorsal Nucleus Association nuclei that relay info to the limbic lobe about touch, related to thalamic pain syndrome  
Thalamic nuclei: Lateral Posterior Nucleus Association nuclei relay pain info, may be able to gate pain to cerebral cortex, survival mech  
Thalamic nuclei: Pulvinar Association nuclei that integrates and relays sensations like movement and proprioception  
Thalamic nuclei: Reticular Nucleus Subcortical nuclei that integrates and relays info about how awake you are  
What is the hypothalamus major functions of regulation? ANS, cardiovascular, temperature, energy metabolism, fluid balance, sleep cycle  
What are the general components of the epithalmus? Habenular nuclei, pineal gland, posterior commissure  
What is the function of the epithalamus habenular nuclei? Input from olfactory & limbic systems projected to ANS, emotions and smell influence visceral function  
What is the function of the epithalamus pineal gland? Endocrine gland that inhibits gonadal function, delays the onset of puberty, later calcifies, used as midline landmark  
What is the pathology that results if a lesion occurs in the subthalamus? Hemiballismus (rapid, flailing movements of one side of the body), chorea disorders  
What are the major sulci and fissures of the brain? Longitudinal cerebral fissure, lateral sulcus,central sulcus, parieto-occipital sulcus, calcarine sulcus (vision)  
What is the function of the frontal lobe? Personality, behavior, higher intellectual function, primary voluntary motor area  
What is the function of the parietal lobe? Perception of general sensation, spatial perception and inter-relationships, interacts with motor area (frontal lobe)  
What is the function of the occipital lobe? Integrates visual stimuli  
What is the function of the temporal lobe? Integrates memory, receive stimuli from hearing, taste, and smell, visual processing and perception fibers located deep in lobe  
What is the function of the limbic lobe? Short term memory, emotions  
What are the basal ganglia? Masses of gray matter that include subthalamic nuclei and substantia nigra in midbrain, motor function - motor learning, and with the cerebral cortex, initiating and supporting successful execution of movement  
What are the four structures within the basal ganglia? Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus internus, globus pallidus externus, corpus striatum - includes caudate & putamen, lentiform nucleus - includes putamen and globus pallidus  
What are the three different classifications of white matter fibers in the telencephalon? Projection fibers, commissural fibers, and association fibers  
What is the function of projection fibers? Connect cortical areas to subcortical areas, connect corona radiata & internal capsule  
What is the function of commissural fibers Cross the midline and connect the two hemispheres, corpus collosum, and anterior and posterior commissures  
What is the function of association fibers? Interconnect cortical regions within the same hemisphere, uncinate fasciculus connects temporal lobe with frontal lobe in same hemisphere, arcuate fasciculus connect Warnike's and Broca's  

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