Descending Systems 3

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What are the two types of LMN? Alpha and gamma motor neurons.  
What type of muscle do LMN’s innervate? Skeletal muscle.  
What type of LMN innervates extrafusal skeletal muscles that cross joints and produce movement? Alpha motor neurons.  
What type of LMN innervates intrafusal skeletal muscle fibers located in the polar regions of the muscle spindle? Gamma motor neurons.  
What type of LMN are involved in the regulation of muscle tone? Alpha and gamma motor neurons.  
Where are LMN located in the spinal cord? The ventral horns.  
LMN located in the more medial part of the ventral horn innervate which muscles? The more axial muscles.  
LMN located in the middle and lateral parts of the ventral horn innervate which muscles? Proximal and distal limb muscles.  
What are LMN influenced by? Segmental afferent neurons, local interneurons, and UMN.  
Where are UMN cell bodies located? Specific regions of the cerebral cortex and in certain nuclei of the brainstem.  
Lesions or disease processes that alter the function of UMN and LMN result in what types of dysfunction? Muscle tone and strength.  
Wasting of muscle present: UMN or LMN? LMN.  
Plantar reflex (babinski) present: UMN or LMN? UMN.  
Fasciculations present: UMN or LMN? LMN.  
Clonus present: UMN or LMN? UMN.  
Tone NOT increased: UMN or LMN? LMN.  
Increased tendon reflexes: UMN or LMN? UMN.  
Weakness segmental, in nerve, or distal pattern: UMN or LMN? LMN.  
Weakness in pyramidal pattern with clumsiness: UMN or LMN? UMN.  
Decrease or absent tendon reflexes: UMN or LMN? LMN.  
Tone increased: UMN or LMN? UMN.  
Clonus absent: UMN or LMN? LMN.  
Fasciculations NOT present: UMN or LMN? UMN.  
No plantar reflex: UMN or LMN? LMN  
Wasting of muscle NOT present: UMN or LMN? UMN.  

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