Cell Transport
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| Passive transport | does not require energy from the cell | |
| Concentration gradient | difference in the concentration of molecules across a space | |
| Equilibrium | concentration of molecules is equal throughout a space | |
| Diffusion | movement of a substance down the substance’s concentration gradient, high to low concentartion | |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water through a membrane | |
| Hypertonic solution | causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis, movement out of a cell | |
| Hypotonic solution | causes a cell to swell because of osmosis, movement into the cell | |
| Isotonic solution | concentration of both solutions is equal, movement of molecules is equal | |
| Facilitated diffusion | passive transport using carrier proteins, example sugar(glucose) | |
| Active transport | movement of a substance against the substance’s concentration gradient, low to high concentration | |
| Endocytosis | movement of large molecules by vesicles to the inside of the cell | |
| Exocytosis | movement of a substance by a vesicle to the outside of the cell | |
| plasmolysis | cells shrink due to loss of water | |
| carrier protein | type of protein used in facilitated diffusion and active transport | |
| sodium-potassium pump | active transport where 3 Na ions move out of a cell and 2 K ions move into the cell |
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