Auditory System
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| What separates the external ear from the middle ear? | The tympanic membrane. | |
| Name the three ossicles. | Malleus, incus, and stapes. | |
| Name the muscles that attach to the ossicles and regulate the sound energy that is transmitted to the inner ear and protect the ear from damage from very loud sounds. | The tensor tympani and stapedius. | |
| Identify the innervation of tensor tympani. | Trigeminal nerve V. | |
| Identify the innervation of stapedius. | Facial nerve VII | |
| Define cochlea. | Forms the membranous labyrinth, three coiled tubes in the inner ear. | |
| Define modiolus. | The central bony core of the cochlea. | |
| Define spiral ganglion. | Inside the modiolus, contains first order afferent neurons. | |
| Dendrites from the spiral ganglion innervate what portion of the inner ear? | The Organ of Corti. | |
| Axons from the spiral ganglion form what portion of the inner ear? | The cochlear component of the vestibulocochlear nerve. | |
| Define scala vestibuli. | Filled with perilymph, sound vibrations enter here from the oval window. | |
| Define scala tympani. | Filled with perilymph, communicates with the scala vestibule by a hole called the helicotrema. | |
| Define scala media (cochlear duct). | Filled with endolymph, communicates with the vestibular apparatus through the ductus reunions. | |
| Define basilar membrane. | At the base of the scala media, separates the scala media and scala tympani. | |
| Define Reissner's membrane. | Separates the scala media from the scala vestibule. | |
| Define Organ of Corti. | The receptor organ for hearing, lies on the basilar membrane, contains the hair cells. | |
| Describe the function of hair cells. | Have stereocilia what are embedded into the tectorial membrane, deflection of hair cells leads to depolarization of hair cell membrane = nerve impulses. | |
| What is the pattern of vibration along the basilar membrane for high frequency sounds? | Activates the hair cells at the base of the cochlea. |
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