Autonomic Nervous System 2
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| Identify the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on a patient. | Rest &digest branch of the ANS (constriction), normal maintenance of the body, promotes secretions and mobility of the digestive tract, involved in urination/defecation, activates areas when appropriate. | |
| What is the chief parasympathetic nerve? | The vagus (CN X). | |
| Identify the functions of the hypothalamus. | Coordinates ANS responses. | |
| Which anterior hypothalamic nuclei are involved with regulating parasympathetic control? | The preoptic and anterior nuclei. | |
| Which posterior hypothalamic nuclei are involved in regulating the sympathetic nervous system? | The posterior and lateral nuclei. | |
| What are the 3 principal pathways that allow the hypothalamus to exert control with brainstem and spinal cord autonomic nuclei. | The dorsal longitudinal fasciculus, the mammillotegmental tract, and the medial forebrain bundle. | |
| Loss of any component of sympathetic innervation for the pupil and eyelid causes what syndrome? | Horner’s syndrome. | |
| What are the clinical manifestations of Horner’s syndrome? | Ptosis, anhidrosis, and papillary constriction. | |
| How does the integrity of the cornea become compromised in Bell’s palsy? | From the lack of the production of tears for lubrication. | |
| How are the adrenal gland and kidney able to release neurotransmitters into the blood? | Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are specialized to secrete catecholamines (NE: 80% and E: 20%) into the bloodstream. | |
| Name the two receptors that receive ACh and NE within the ANS. | Cholinergic and adrenergic receptors. | |
| What are the two classes of cholinergic (ACh) receptors? | Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. | |
| What are the two categories of adrenergic (NE) receptors? | Alpha and beta receptors. | |
| Where are muscarinic receptors located? | In visceral effector organ cells, causes decrease in HR, miosis, and secretions of certain glands. | |
| Where are nicotinic receptors located? | The adrenal medulla and some autonomic ganglia, release neurotransmitters into the bloodstream. | |
| Which receptors are slow to respond with a long lasting effect? | Muscarinic. | |
| Which receptors have a fast response with a short effect? | Nicotinic. | |
| Which receptors cause excitation, except on digestion where it is inhibitory? | Alpha. | |
| Which receptors cause inhibition, except on the heart where it is excitatory? | Beta. |
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