Vestibular System 2
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| What is the function of the utricle? | Signals position of the head in space and responds to gravity in the HORIZONTAL plane. | |
| What is the function of the saccule? | Responds to gravity in the VERTICAL direction. | |
| What is the function of the semicircular canals? | To detect motion of the head in space, specifically angular or rotational movement. | |
| What is the vascular supply to the labyrinths? | The vestibular artery as a branch off the AICA or basilar. | |
| What is the innervation for the labyrinths? | Vestibular nerve (CN VIII). | |
| Where are the cell bodies of CN VIII for both parts of the labyrinths? | Scarpa’s ganglion. | |
| How are the afferent signals from the labyrinths carried through the temporal bone to the brainstem? | On CN VIII through the internal auditory canal. | |
| What are the nuclei in the vestibular nuclear complex? | Four major nuclei and seven minor nuclei that are the primary processors of vestibular info as well as proprioceptive, visual, and tactile input. | |
| Where does vestibular information go from the vestibular nuclei? | The cerebellum, spinal cord, motor nuclei, CNX, or thalamus>parietal lobe. | |
| How does the cerebellum use the information from the vestibular nuclei? | To coordinate balance responses. | |
| Which tract do the vestibular nuclei use to activate postural responses? | Vestibulospinal. | |
| What are the pathways for the vestibulospinal tract? | From utricle to lateral vestibulospinal tract to UE and trunk (+extensors, -flexors), and from semicircular canals to the medial vestibulospinal tract to neck and upper trunk for equilibrium responses. | |
| How do the motor nuclei of the extraocular muscles use the information from the vestibular nuclei? | To coordinate eye movements with the head and for reflexive eye movements, uses MLF to reach CN III, IV, & VI (eye muscles). | |
| How does the thalamus>parietal lobe use the information from the vestibular nuclei? | For awareness of the body in space. | |
| What type of influence does the cerebellum have on the vestibular nuclei? | Inhibitory. | |
| Input from the vestibular nuclei go to what parts of the cerebellum? | The vermis and flocculus. | |
| Lesions of the flocculus result in what disorder? | A gain of the VOR (head mvmt. vs. eye mvmt). | |
| Lesions of the vermis affect what reflex? | The VSR (gait ataxia, trunk instability). | |
| What is the purpose of the VOR? | Keep stable vision while the head is being moved. | |
| What are the primary nuclei for the VOR? | Superior and medial vestibular nuclei. | |
| What is the purpose of the VSR? | Keep the head and body stabilized. | |
| What are the primary nuclei for the VSR? | Medial and lateral vestibular nuclei. |
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