Dysphagia 2
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| What is the role of OT in dysphagia tx? | Inhibit abnormal postures, facilitate normal, UE coordination, adaptive utensils | |
| What are the phases of a normal swallow? | Oral preparatory phase (pre-oral), oral phase, pharyngeal phase, esophageal phase | |
| Describe the oral preparatory phase (pre-oral). | Food to and in mouth with labial seal, oral manipulation, forming cohesive bolus, pleasurable senses involved | |
| Describe the oral phase of swallowing. | Tongue squeezes bolus posterior against the hard palate to the anterior faucial arch, vocal cords adduct, requires alertness | |
| What is the oral transit time for the oral phase of swallowing? | Voluntary, less than 1 sec | |
| What cranial nerves are involved in the oral preparatory phase (pre-oral) and the oral phase of swallowing? | V trigeminal (muscles), VII facial (taste), IX glossopharyngeal (taste, saliva), X vagus (sensation at base of tongue), XI spinal accessory (neck control), XII hypoglossal (muscles of tongue) | |
| Describe the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. | Soft palate lifts to touch pharyngeal wall, base of tongue creates pressure against the pharyngeal wall to move the bolus through the pharynx and into the esophagus, hyoid bone and larynx lifts and moves forward, true vocal cords close, epiglottis folds down, cricopharyngeal sphincter at the top of the esophagus opens | |
| What is the pharyngeal transit time for the pharyngeal phase of swallowing? | Involuntary/reflexive, pharyngeal peristalsis, 1 sec or less | |
| What triggers the pharyngeal phase of swallowing? | Food hitting the faucal arches | |
| What cranial nerves are involved in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing? | X vagus (larynx & pharynx), V trigeminal (elevates hyoid), IX glossopharyngeal (elevates pharynx) |
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