Dr. David Schroeder's General Psyc 2013 - Psychology: Schacter, Gibert, Wegner
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| structuralists | tried to analyze the mind by breaking it down into its basic components | |
| functionalists | focused on how mental abilities allow people to adapt to their environments. | |
| nativism | Plato argued in favor of this theory which maintains that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn | |
| “tabula rasa” | Aristotle believed that the child’s mind was a blank slate on which experiences were written, and he argued for philosophical empiricism. | |
| philosophical empiricism | holds that all knowledge is acquired through experience | |
| Renè Descartes | (1595–1650) made contributions to many fields of inquiry, from physiology to philosophy. He is probably best known for his suggestion that the body and soul are fundamentally different. | |
| Thomas Hobbes | (1588-1679) argued that the mind and body aren’t different things at all; rather, the mind is what the brain does | |
| phrenology | specific mental abilities and characteristics, ranging from memory to the capacity for happiness, are localized in specific regions of the brain | |
| physiology | the study of biological processes, especially in the human body | |
| Hermann von Helmholtz | (1821-94) Physiologist who developed a method for measuring the speed of nerve impulses in a frog’s leg, which he then adapted to the study of human beings. | |
| stimulus | sensory input from the environment | |
| reaction time | amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus | |
| Wilhelm Wundt | (1832-1920)Helmholtz's research assistant who is credited with the official emergence of psychology | |
| introspection | involves the subjective observation of one’s own experience. | |
| Edward Titchener | (1867-1927) studied with Wundt for 2 years in the early 1890s and then came to the United States and set up a psychology laboratory at Cornell University | |
| natural selection | states that the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations | |
| G. Stanley Hall | (1844-1924) studied with both Wundt and James and set up the first psychology research laboratory in North America at Johns Hopkins University in 1881. |
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