Olfaction and Taste
Popularity (by total correct streak): 0
Popularity (by number of users): 1
| Explain the concept of the nose brain (Rhinencephalon). | Forms a complex system of neural circuits for the sense of smell. | |
| What is the rhinencephalon linked with? | The neocortex, the hypothalamus, thalamus, and reticular formation. | |
| What are the subdivisions of the rhinencephalon? | Archicortex, paleocortex, and neocortex. | |
| What is the archicortex associated with? | The hippocampus. | |
| What is the paleocortex associated with? | The olfactory response. | |
| What is the neocortex associated with? | New cortex. | |
| What are the factors that can cause anosmia either permanently or temporarily | Head injury. | |
| Explain how sense of smell is involved in the limbic system. | The connection to the hypothalamus is responsible for salivation, gastric secretions, peristalsis, social interaction, and reproductive behavior, the connection from the amygdala to the thalamus and entrorhinal cortex plays a role in memory, reproductive, and defense behaviors. | |
| What is the pathway from the amygdala to the hypothalamus? | Through the stria terminalis to the septal nucleus to the hypothalamus. | |
| Explain the pathway for the sense of smell. | Olfactory nerve travels through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone, enters the olfactory bulb, axons terminate in the glomeruli found in the bulb. | |
| What is in the glomeruli? | The mitral and tuft neurons, their axons become the olfactory tract. | |
| Describe the olfactory tract. | Divides into the lateral and medial olfactory striae (tracts), lateral is uncrossed, medial is crossed (anterior commissure). | |
| What are the key areas of synapse? | Anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, medial cortex of the amygdala, entrorhinal cortex. | |
| Where do the olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex send the signal? | In the stria medullaris to the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus and then to the orbital frontal cortex. | |
| Explain the concept of the uncinate fit. | Olfactory or gustatory hallucinations (unpleasant), and convulsions. | |
| Define rhinorrhea. | Watery discharge from the nose, possibly CSF leakage. | |
| Define anosmia. | A complete loss of smell. | |
| Where are sweet and salty tastes found? | On the tip of the tongue. | |
| Where are sour tastes found? | On the sides of the tongue. | |
| Where are bitter tastes found? | The back of the tongue and soft palate. | |
| Taste buds from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue are carried by which cranial nerve? | Facial CN VII, via the chorda tympani nerve. | |
| Taste buds from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue are carried by which cranial nerve? | Glossopharangeal CN IX. | |
| Taste buds from the epiglottis are carried by which cranial nerve? | Vagus CN X. | |
| Explain the pathway for the first order neuron in the sense of taste. | First order neurons synapse in the solitary nucleus, CN VII = rostral portion, CN IX & X = caudal portion. | |
| Explain the pathway for the second order neuron in the sense of taste. | Sent to the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus. | |
| Explain the pathway for the third order neuron in the sense of taste. | Postcentral gyrus of the parietal cortex into the lateral fissure/insular area (area 43). | |
| Define ageusia. | Complete loss of the sense of taste. | |
| Defined hypoguesia. | Partial loss of taste. | |
| Define dysgeusia. | Persistent, unpleasant taste. | |
| Define parageusia. | Abnormal perception of taste. | |
| Defined gustatory hallucinations. | Disagreeable, happens before or during a seizure. |
Quisition is a browser-based flashcard system that repeats old cards and introduces new ones at optimal time intervals. You can create your own card packs or use those developed by others.
